In this quiz, you'll test what you learned in the video course Context Managers and Using Python's with Statement.

By working through this quiz, you'll revisit how the with statement runs setup and teardown for you, how to use standard-library context managers like open(), and how to write your own context managers as classes or with the @contextmanager decorator.

[ Improve Your Python With 🐍 Python Tricks 💌 - Get a short & sweet Python Trick delivered to your inbox every couple of days. >> Click here to learn more and see examples ]

21 May 2026 12:00pm GMT

Making software accessible often comes down to removing small but repeated points of friction in everyday workflows. Today, on Global Accessibility Awareness Day, we're sharing recent improvements in JetBrains IDEs across several areas: compatibility with assistive technologies on various platforms, keyboard navigation, and non-visual feedback. Some of these improvements are already available, and some are coming later this year.

You can use the audio player below to listen to this blog post.

Accessibility Blog Post Audio

Better compatibility with assistive technologies

One of the key areas we've been working on is improving how JetBrains IDEs interact with OS-level accessibility tools.

Improved Magnifier support on Windows

Screen magnifiers are among the most commonly used assistive technologies in JetBrains IDEs. Until recently, the built-in Windows Magnifier didn't reliably follow the text cursor in the editor, making navigation and editing more difficult for low-vision users. We've implemented support for cursor tracking so Magnifier follows text as you type, just as it does in other applications.

This builds on earlier work on macOS, where we addressed text cursor tracking with macOS Zoom. Now, the same support is being extended to Windows.

Orca and GNOME Magnifier support on Linux

With version 2026.2, coming this summer, JetBrains IDEs will allow you to use the Orca screen reader and GNOME Magnifier in supported Linux environments.

This is an active area of work, with multiple related tasks already underway. Accessibility shouldn't depend on your operating system, and we're continuing to improve support across platforms.

More predictable keyboard navigation

We've also been making it easier to move through the IDE without relying on a mouse.

Main menu access with Alt on Windows

In native Windows applications, pressing Alt moves the focus to the main menu, allowing you to navigate it with the keyboard. This behavior was previously missing from JetBrains IDEs, and screen readers, such as NVDA, would sometimes announce the system menu instead.

Now, the main menu behaves in a way that feels familiar and predictable for keyboard-only and screen-reader users, and the bright focus indicator helps low-vision users identify the selected item.

Navigating between major parts of the IDE

Another focus area is the experience of moving between different parts of the IDE interface, such as toolbars, panels, and the editor. We're working on a more structured model for navigating through the big component groups:

• Tab and Shift+Tab move the focus within the current area.
• A dedicated shortcut lets you jump between larger sections of the IDE.

This reduces the effort required to reach essential controls and makes the overall layout easier to navigate. For the current iteration, we made it possible to bring the main toolbar and status bar into focus, and we fixed the Project and Git toolbar widgets, which were not selectable by screen readers, even though other elements already were.

As the next step, we'll polish specific controls and include tool window bars on both sides of the IDE frame in the navigation flow.

Exploring richer non-visual feedback with audio cues

Accessibility is not only about reaching controls, but also about understanding what's happening while you work. We're exploring ways to provide richer audio feedback in the IDE. Two directions we're currently investigating:

• Contextual signals when the caret lands on lines with errors, warnings, breakpoints, or version control changes. We want the IDE to provide immediate, non-visual feedback in context.
• More general audio notifications for IDE actions and state changes.

The goal is to reduce the need to rely on visual indicators or switch contexts just to understand what changed. Instead, we want the IDE to provide that information more directly.

Accessibility as an ongoing effort

We're improving accessibility in JetBrains IDEs across multiple areas at once, including by providing compatibility with assistive technologies like screen readers and magnifiers, as well as by offering more consistent keyboard navigation and clearer feedback for events that are otherwise mostly visual.

These improvements build on earlier updates, such as support for VoiceOver and NVDA, a high-contrast UI theme, and color schemes for red-green vision deficiency. There's still more to do, and we'll continue working in this direction.

We'd love to hear from you

We're eager to hear from developers who rely on accessibility features, as well as from anyone interested in improving the experience of using them.

If you have ideas or feedback about accessibility in JetBrains IDEs, you can reach us directly at accessibility@jetbrains.com. You can also report issues through YouTrack or the support request form.

If you'd like to stay informed about accessibility improvements, you can subscribe to updates here.

21 May 2026 10:40am GMT

21 May 2026 6:45am GMT

A timeline of my PyCon US 2026 journey, in Long Beach (US), told through the Mastodon posts I shared along the way.

21 May 2026 3:00am GMT

Weeknotes (2026 week 17)

I published the last entry near the beginning of March. I'm really starting to see a theme in my Weeknotes publishing schedule.

Releases since the first weeks of March

I'm trying out a longer-form version of those notes here than in the past. I think it's worth going into some detail and not just listing releases with half a sentence each.

feincms3-sites and feincms3-language-sites

I released updates to feincms3-sites and feincms3-language-sites fixing the same issue in both projects: When an HTTP client didn't strip the default ports :80 (for HTTP) or :443 (for HTTPS) from a request, finding the correct site would fail. Browsers generally strip the port already, but some other HTTP clients do not.

django-tree-queries

As I wrote elsewhere I closed many issues in the repositories, mostly documentation issues but also some bugs. {% recursetree %} should now work properly and not cache old data anymore, using the primary key in .tree_fields() now raises an intelligible error, and I also fixed a bug with table quoting when using django-tree-queries with the not yet released Django 6.1+.

feincms3-cookiecontrol

feincms3-cookiecontrol not only offers a cookie consent banner (which actually supports only embedding tracking scripts when users give consent) but also a third-party content embedding functionality which allows allowlisting individual services.

The privacy policies of these services are now linked inline instead of with an ugly extra link. This reduces content inside the embed which helps on small screens.

Version 1.7 used a buggy trusted publishing workflow so I immediately published 1.7.1.

django-cabinet and django-prose-editor

django-cabinet can now be used as a media library directly inside django-prose-editor. I'm (ab)using the CKEditor 4 protocol for embedding, which uses window.opener.CKEDITOR.callFunction to send data back from the file manager popup into the editor. It feels icky but works nicely. This is only available if you're installing the alpha prereleases, but I'm already testing the functionality in production somewhere, so I feel quite good about it.

django-prose-editor now also ships brand new ClassLoom and StyleLoom extensions. Both extensions allow adding either classes or inline styles to text spans or nodes. In an ideal world we might not use something like this, but to make the editor more useful in the real world, editors need more flexibility. These two extensions provide that. I already mentioned ClassLoom in December, now it's actually available. I'm not completely sold on how they work yet, but both of them are already solving real issues.

Honorable mentions

django-debug-toolbar 6.3 has been released, I only contributed reviews during this cycle.

20 May 2026 5:00pm GMT

🔗 Links

• La Suite numérique on GitHub
• La Suite website
• Samuel on LinkedIn
• TechEmpower Benchmarks being sunsetted

📦 Projects

• django-live-translations
• django-bolt
• TechEmpower Benchmarks

📚 Books

• The Mikado Method
• The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo
• A Confederacy of Dunces

🎥 YouTube

• YouTube Channel: @djangochat

🤝 Sponsor

This episode is brought to you by Six Feet Up, the Python, Django, and AI experts who solve hard software problems. Whether it's scaling an application, deriving insights from data, or getting results from AI, Six Feet Up helps you move forward faster.

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20 May 2026 3:00pm GMT

Here is a useful trick that is unreasonably effective for simple computer use goals using modern terminal agents. On macOS, there has been a terminal osascript command since the original release of Mac OS X. All you have to do is suggest your agent use it and it can perform any application control action available in any AppleScript dictionary for any Mac app. No MCP set up or tools required at all. Agents are much more adapt at using rod terminal commands, especially ones that haven't changed in 30 years. Having a computer control interface that hasn't changed in 30 years and has extensive examples in the Internet corpus makes modern models understand how to use these tools basically Effortlessly. macOS locks down these permissions pretty heavily nowadays though, so you will have to grant the application control permission to terminal. But once you have done that, the range of possibilities for commanding applications using natural language is quite extensive. Also, for both Safari and chrome on Mac, you are going to want to turn on JavaScript over AppleScript permission. This basically allows claude or another agent to debug your web applications live for you as you are using them.In chrome, go to the view menu, developer submenu, and choose "Allow JavaScript from Apple events". In Safari, it's under the safari menu, settings, developer, "Allow JavaScript from Apple events". Then you can do something like "Hey Claude, would you Please use osascript to navigate the front chrome tab to hacker news". Once you suggest using OSA script in a session it will figure out pretty quickly what it can do with it. Of course you can ask it to do casual things like open your mail app or whatever. Then you can figure out what other things will work like please click around my web app or check the JavaScript Console for errors. Another very important tips for using modern agents is to try to practice using speech to text. I think speaking might be something like five times faster than typing. It takes a lot of time to get used to, especially after a lifetime of programming by typing, but it's a very interesting and a different experience and once you have a lot of practice It starts to to feel effortless.

04 Apr 2026 1:31pm GMT

I have been using macOS voice control for about three years. First it was a way to reduce pain from excessive computer use. It has been a real struggle. Decades of computer use habits with typing and the mouse are hard to overcome! Text selection manipulation commands work quite well on macOS native apps like apps written in swift or safari with an accessibly tagged webpage. However, many webpages and electron apps (Visual Studio Code) have serious problems manipulating the selection, not working at all when using "select foo" where foo is a word in the text box to select, or off by one errors when manipulating the cursor position or extending the selection. I only recently expanded my repertoire with the "start drag" and "drop" commands, previously having used "Click and hold mouse", "move cursor to x", and "release mouse". Well, now I have discovered that using "start drag x" and "drop x" makes a fantastic text selection method! This is really going to improve my speed. In the long run, I believe computer voice control in general is going to end up being faster than WIMP, but for now the awkwardly rigid command phrasing and the amount of times it misses commands or misunderstands commands still really holds it back. I've been learning the macOS Voice Control specific command set for years now and I still reach for the keyboard and mouse way too often.

16 Mar 2026 11:04am GMT

Humans Are Bad At Perceiving

Humans are not particularly good at catching bugs. For one thing, we get tired easily. There is some science on this, indicating that humans can't even maintain enough concentration to review more than about 400 lines of code at a time..

We have existing terms of art, in various fields, for the ways in which the human perceptual system fails to register stimuli. Perception fails when humans are distracted, tired, overloaded, or merely improperly engaged.

Each of these has implications for the fundamental limitations of code review as an engineering practice:

• Inattentional Blindness: you won't be able to reliably find bugs that you're not looking for.

• Repetition Blindness: you won't be able to reliably find bugs that you are looking for, if they keep occurring.

• Vigilance Fatigue: you won't be able to reliably find either kind of bugs, if you have to keep being alert to the presence of bugs all the time.

• and, of course, the distinct but related Alert Fatigue: you won't even be able to reliably evaluate reports of possible bugs, if there are too many false positives.

Never Send A Human To Do A Machine's Job

When you need to catch a category of error in your code reliably, you will need a deterministic tool to evaluate - and, thanks to our old friend "alert fatigue" above - ideally, to also remedy that type of error. These tools will relieve the need for a human to make the same repetitive checks over and over. None of them are perfect, but:

• to catch logical errors, use automated tests.
• to catch formatting errors, use autoformatters.
• to catch common mistakes, use linters.
• to catch common security problems, use a security scanner.

Don't blame reviewers for missing these things.

Code review should not be how you catch bugs.

What Is Code Review For, Then?

Code review is for three things.

First, code review is for catching process failures. If a reviewer has noticed a few bugs of the same type in code review, that's a sign that that type of bug is probably getting through review more often than it's getting caught. Which means it's time to figure out a way to deploy a tool or a test into CI that will reliably prevent that class of error, without requiring reviewers to be vigilant to it any more.

Second - and this is actually its more important purpose - code review is a tool for acculturation. Even if you already have good tools, good processes, and good documentation, new members of the team won't necessarily know about those things. Code review is an opportunity for older members of the team to introduce newer ones to existing tools, patterns, or areas of responsibility. If you're building an observer pattern, you might not realize that the codebase you're working in already has an existing idiom for doing that, so you wouldn't even think to search for it, but someone else who has worked more with the code might know about it and help you avoid repetition.

You will notice that I carefully avoided saying "junior" or "senior" in that paragraph. Sometimes the newer team member is actually more senior. But also, the acculturation goes both ways. This is the third thing that code review is for: disrupting your team's culture and avoiding stagnation. If you have new talent, a fresh perspective can also be an extremely valuable tool for building a healthy culture. If you're new to a team and trying to build something with an observer pattern, and this codebase has no tools for that, but your last job did, and it used one from an open source library, that is a good thing to point out in a review as well. It's an opportunity to spot areas for improvement to culture, as much as it is to spot areas for improvement to process.

Thus, code review should be as hierarchically flat as possible. If the goal of code review were to spot bugs, it would make sense to reserve the ability to review code to only the most senior, detail-oriented, rigorous engineers in the organization. But most teams already know that that's a recipe for brittleness, stagnation and bottlenecks. Thus, even though we know that not everyone on the team will be equally good at spotting bugs, it is very common in most teams to allow anyone past some fairly low minimum seniority bar to do reviews, often as low as "everyone on the team who has finished onboarding".

Oops, Surprise, This Post Is Actually About LLMs Again

Sigh. I'm as disappointed as you are, but there are no two ways about it: LLM code generators are everywhere now, and we need to talk about how to deal with them. Thus, an important corollary of this understanding that code review is a social activity, is that LLMs are not social actors, thus you cannot rely on code review to inspect their output.

My own personal preference would be to eschew their use entirely, but in the spirit of harm reduction, if you're going to use LLMs to generate code, you need to remember the ways in which LLMs are not like human beings.

When you relate to a human colleague, you will expect that:

1. you can make decisions about what to focus on based on their level of experience and areas of expertise to know what problems to focus on; from a late-career colleague you might be looking for bad habits held over from legacy programming languages; from an earlier-career colleague you might be focused more on logical test-coverage gaps,
2. and, they will learn from repeated interactions so that you can gradually focus less on a specific type of problem once you have seen that they've learned how to address it,

With an LLM, by contrast, while errors can certainly be biased a bit by the prompt from the engineer and pre-prompts that might exist in the repository, the types of errors that the LLM will make are somewhat more uniformly distributed across the experience range.

You will still find supposedly extremely sophisticated LLMs making extremely common mistakes, specifically because they are common, and thus appear frequently in the training data.

The LLM also can't really learn. An intuitive response to this problem is to simply continue adding more and more instructions to its pre-prompt, treating that text file as its "memory", but that just doesn't work, and probably never will. The problem - "context rot" is somewhat fundamental to the nature of the technology.

Thus, code-generators must be treated more adversarially than you would a human code review partner. When you notice it making errors, you always have to add tests to a mechanical, deterministic harness that will evaluates the code, because the LLM cannot meaningfully learn from its mistakes outside a very small context window in the way that a human would, so giving it feedback is unhelpful. Asking it to just generate the code again still requires you to review it all again, and as we have previously learned, you, a human, cannot review more than 400 lines at once.

To Sum Up

Code review is a social process, and you should treat it as such. When you're reviewing code from humans, share knowledge and encouragement as much as you share bugs or unmet technical requirements.

If you must reviewing code from an LLM, strengthen your automated code-quality verification tooling and make sure that its agentic loop will fail on its own when those quality checks fail immediately next time. Do not fall into the trap of appealing to its feelings, knowledge, or experience, because it doesn't have any of those things.

But for both humans and LLMs, do not fall into the trap of thinking that your code review process is catching your bugs. That's not its job.

Acknowledgments

Thank you to my patrons who are supporting my writing on this blog. If you like what you've read here and you'd like to read more of it, or you'd like to support my various open-source endeavors, you can support my work as a sponsor!

04 Mar 2026 5:24am GMT