30 Jun 2022 12:00am GMT

Caution [from 2017: what a road since then]: this is a draft. I take notes and write more in other resources (the Cookbook, my blog).

update, June 2022: see my web project skeleton, it illustrates and fixes common issues: https://github.com/vindarel/cl-cookieweb

update july, 5th 2019: I put this content into the Cookbook: https://lispcookbook.github.io/cl-cookbook/web.html, fixing a long-standing request.

new post: why and how to live-reload one's running web application: https://lisp-journey.gitlab.io/blog/i-realized-that-to-live-reload-my-web-app-is-easy-and-convenient/

new project skeleton: lisp-web-template-productlist: Hunchentoot + easy-routes + Djula templates + Bulma CSS + a Makefile to build the project

See also the Awesome CL list.

Information is at the moment scarce and spread appart, Lisp web frameworks and libraries evolve and take different approaches.

I'd like to know what's possible, what's lacking, see how to quickstart everything, see code snippets and, most of all, see how to do things that I couldn't do before such as hot reloading, building self-contained executables, shipping a multiplatform web app.

Prior notice:

Some people sell ten pages long ebooks or publish their tutorial on Gitbook to have a purchase option. I prefer to enhance the collaborative Cookbook (I am by far the main contributor). You can tip me on Kofi if you like: https://ko-fi.com/vindarel Thanks !

Table of Contents

• Web application environments
  • Clack, Lack
• Web frameworks
  • Hunchentoot
  • Caveman
  • Snooze
  • Radiance
  • cl-rest-server
  • Wookie
  • Weblocks (solving the Javascript problem)
• Tasks
  • Accessing url parameters
  • Session an cookies
  • Data storage
  • SQL
    • Persistent datastores
    • Migrations
  • Forms
  • Debugging
  • Testing
  • Misc
    • Oauth, Job queues, etc
• Templating engines
  • HTML-based
  • Lisp-based
• Javascript
  • Parenscript
  • JSCL
  • Ajax
  • The case Webblocks - Reblocks, 2017
• Shipping
  • Building
  • Multiplatform delivery with Electron (Ceramic)
• Deployment
  • Manually
  • with Clack
  • with Docker
  • On Heroku
  • Systemd: daemonizing, restarting in case of crashes, handling logs
  • Debugging SBCL error: ensure_space: failed to allocate n bytes
  • Connecting to a remote Swank server
  • Hot reload

Web application environments

Clack, Lack

Clack is to Lisp what WSGI is to Python. However it is mostly undocumented and not as battle-proofed as Hunchentoot.

Web frameworks

Hunchentoot

The de-facto web server, with the best documentation (cough looking old cough), the most websites on production. Lower level than a web framework (defining routes seems weird at first). I think worth knowing.

Its terminology is different from what we are used to ("routes" are not called routes but we create handlers), part I don't know why and part because the Lisp image-based development allows for more, and thus needs more terminology. For example, we can run two applications on different URLs on the same image.

https://edicl.github.io/hunchentoot/

edit: here's a modern looking page: https://digikar99.github.io/common-lisp.readthedocs/hunchentoot/

Caveman

A popular web framework, or so it seems by the github stars, written by a super-productive lisper, with nice documentation for basic stuff but lacking for the rest, based on Clack (webserver interface, think Python's WSGI), uses Hunchentoot by default.

I feel like basic functions are too cumbersome (accessing url parameters).

https://github.com/fukamachi/caveman

Snooze

By the maintainer of Sly, Emacs' Yasnippet,...

Defining routes is like defining functions. Built-in features that are available as extensions in Clack-based frameworks (setting to get a stacktrace on the browser, to fire up the debugger or to return a 404,...). Definitely worth exploring.

https://github.com/joaotavora/snooze

Radiance

Radiance, with extensive tutorial and existing apps.

It doesn't look like a web framework to me. It has ready-to-use components:

• admin page (but what does it do?)
• auth system
• user: provide user accounts and permissions
• image hosting
• there is an email marketing system in development...

cl-rest-server

cl-rest-server

a library for writing REST Web APIs in Common Lisp.

Features: validation via schemas, Swagger support, authentication, logging, caching, permission checking...

It seems complete, it is maintained, the author seems to be doing web development in CL for a living. Note to self: I want to interview him.

Wookie

https://github.com/orthecreedence/wookie

An asynchronous web server, by an impressive lisper, who built many async libraries. Used for the Turtl api backend. Dealing with async brings its own set of problems (how will be debugging ?).

Nice api to build routes, good documentation: http://wookie.lyonbros.com/

Weblocks (solving the Javascript problem)

Weblocks allows to create dynamic pages without a line of JavaScript, all in Lisp. It was started years ago and it saw a large update and refactoring lately.

It isn't the easy path to web development in CL but there's great potential IMO.

It doesn't do double data binding as in modern JS frameworks. But new projects are being developed...

See our presentation below.

http://40ants.com/weblocks/quickstart.html

Tasks

Accessing url parameters

It is easy and well explained with Hunchentoot or easy-routes in the Cookbook.

Lucerne has a nice with-params macro that makes accessing post or url query parameters a breeze:

@route app (:post "/tweet")
(defview tweet ()
  (if (lucerne-auth:logged-in-p)
      (let ((user (current-user)))
        (with-params (tweet)
          (utweet.models:tweet user tweet))
        (redirect "/"))
      (render-template (+index+)
                       :error "You are not logged in.")))

Snooze's way is simple and lispy: we define routes like methods and parameters as keys:

(defroute lispdoc (:get :text/* name &key (package :cl) (doctype 'function))
   ...

matches /lispdoc, /lispdoc/foo and /lispdoc/foo?package=arg.

On the contrary, I find Caveman's and Ningle's ways cumbersome.

Ningle:

(setf (ningle:route *app* "/hello/:name")
      #'(lambda (params)
          (format nil "Hello, ~A" (cdr (assoc "name" params :test #'string=)))))

The above controller will be invoked when you access to "/hello/Eitaro" or "/hello/Tomohiro", and then (cdr (assoc "name" params :test #'string=)) will be "Eitaro" and "Tomohiro".

and it doesn't say about query parameters. I had to ask:

(assoc "the-query-param" (clack.request:query-parameter lucerne:*request*) :test 'string=)

Caveman:

Parameter keys contain square brackets ("[" & "]") will be parsed as structured parameters. You can access the parsed parameters as _parsed in routers.

(defroute "/edit" (&key _parsed)
  (format nil "~S" (cdr (assoc "person" _parsed :test #'string=))))
;=> "((\"name\" . \"Eitaro\") (\"email\" . \"e.arrows@gmail.com\") (\"birth\" . ((\"year\" . 2000) (\"month\" . 1) (\"day\" . 1))))"

Session an cookies

Data storage

SQL

Mito works for MySQL, Postgres and SQLite3 on SBCL and CCL.

https://lispcookbook.github.io/cl-cookbook/databases.html

We can define models with a regular class which has a mito:dao-table-class :metaclass:

(defclass user ()
  ((name :col-type (:varchar 64)
         :initarg :name
         :accessor user-name)
   (email :col-type (:varchar 128)
          :initarg :email
          :accessor user-email))
  (:metaclass mito:dao-table-class)
  (:unique-keys email))

We create the table with ensure-table-exists:

(ensure-table-exists 'user)
;-> ;; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "user" (
;       "id" BIGSERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
;       "name" VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
;       "email" VARCHAR(128),
;       "created_at" TIMESTAMP,
;       "updated_at" TIMESTAMP
;   ) () [0 rows] | MITO.DAO:ENSURE-TABLE-EXISTS

Persistent datastores

Migrations

Mito has migrations support and DB schema versioning for MySQL, Postgres and SQLite3, on SBCL and CCL. Once we have changed our model definition, we have commands to see the generated SQL and to apply the migration.

We inspect the SQL: (suppose we just added the email field into the user class above)

(mito:migration-expressions 'user)
;=> (#<SXQL-STATEMENT: ALTER TABLE user ALTER COLUMN email TYPE character varying(128), ALTER COLUMN email SET NOT NULL>
;    #<SXQL-STATEMENT: CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_user_email ON user (email)>)

and we can apply the migration:

(mito:migrate-table 'user)
;-> ;; ALTER TABLE "user" ALTER COLUMN "email" TYPE character varying(128), ALTER COLUMN "email" SET NOT NULL () [0 rows] | MITO.MIGRATION.TABLE:MIGRATE-TABLE
;   ;; CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "unique_user_email" ON "user" ("email") () [0 rows] | MITO.MIGRATION.TABLE:MIGRATE-TABLE
;-> (#<SXQL-STATEMENT: ALTER TABLE user ALTER COLUMN email TYPE character varying(128), ALTER COLUMN email SET NOT NULL>
;    #<SXQL-STATEMENT: CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_user_email ON user (email)>)

Crane advertises automatic migrations, i.e. it would run them after a C-c C-c. Unfortunately Crane has some issues, it doesn't work with sqlite yet and the author is busy elsewhere. It didn't work for me at first try.

Let's hope the author comes back to work on this in a near future.

Forms

There are a few libraries, see the awesome-cl list. At least one is well active.

Debugging

On an error we are usually dropped into the interactive debugger by default.

Snooze gives options:

• use the debugger,
• print the stacktrace in the browser (like clack-errors below, but built-in),
• display a custom 404.

clack-errors. Like a Flask or Django stacktrace in the browser. For Caveman, Ningle and family.

By default, when Clack throws an exception when rendering a page, the server waits for the response until it times out while the exception waits in the REPL. This isn't very useful. So now there's this.

It prints the stacktrace along with some request details on the browser. Can return a custom error page in production.

clack-pretend

Are you tired of jumping to your web browser every time you need to test your work in Clack? Clack-pretend will capture and replay calls to your clack middleware stack. When developing a web application with clack, you will often find it inconvenient to run your code from the lisp REPL because it expects a clack environment, including perhaps, cookies or a logged-in user. With clack-pretend, you can run prior web requests from your REPL, moving development back where it belongs.

Testing

Testing with a local DB: example of a testing macro.

We would use envy to switch configurations.

Misc

Oauth, Job queues, etc

Templating engines

HTML-based

Djula: as Django templates. Good documentation. Comes by default in Lucerne and Caveman.

We also use a dot to access attributes of dict-like variables (plists, alists, hash-tables, arrays and CLOS objects), such a feature being backed by the access library.

We wanted once to use structs and didn't find how to it directly in Djula, so we resorted in a quick helper function to transform the struct in an alist.

Defining custom template filters is straightforward in Djula, really a breeze compared to Django.

Eco - a mix of html with lisp expressions.

Truncated example:

<body>
      <% if posts %>
        <h1>Recent Posts</h1>
        <ul id="post-list">
          <% loop for (title . snippet) in posts %>
            <li><%= title %> - <%= snippet %></li>
          <% end %>
        </ul>
        ...

Lisp-based

I prefer the semantics of Spinneret over cl-who. It also has more features (like embeddable markdown, warns on malformed html, and more).

Javascript

Parenscript

Parenscript is a translator from an extended subset of Common Lisp to JavaScript. Parenscript code can run almost identically on both the browser (as JavaScript) and server (as Common Lisp). Parenscript code is treated the same way as Common Lisp code, making the full power of Lisp macros available for JavaScript. This provides a web development environment that is unmatched in its ability to reduce code duplication and provide advanced meta-programming facilities to web developers.

https://common-lisp.net/project/parenscript/

JSCL

A Lisp-to-Javascript compiler bootstrapped from Common Lisp and executed from the browser.

https://github.com/jscl-project/jscl

https://t-cool.github.io/jscl-playground/

Ajax

Is it possible to write Ajax-based pages only in CL?

The case Webblocks - Reblocks, 2017

Weblocks is an "isomorphic" web frameworks that solves the "Javascript problem". It allows to write the backend and an interactive client interface in Lisp, without a line of Javascript, in our usual Lisp development environment.

The framework evolves around widgets, that are updated server-side and are automatically redisplayed with transparent ajax calls on the client.

It is being massively refactored, simplified, rewritten and documented since 2017. See the new quickstart:

http://40ants.com/weblocks/quickstart.html

Writing a dynamic todo-app resolves in:

• defining a widget class for a task:

(defwidget task ()
        ((title
          :initarg :title
          :accessor title)
         (done
          :initarg :done
          :initform nil
          :accessor done)))

• doing the same for a list of tasks:

(defwidget task-list ()
        ((tasks
          :initarg :tasks
          :accessor tasks)))

• saying how to render these widgets in html by extending the render method:

(defmethod render ((task task))
        "Render a task."
        (with-html
              (:span (if (done task)
                         (with-html
                               (:s (title task)))
                       (title task)))))

(defmethod render ((widget task-list))
        "Render a list of tasks."
        (with-html
              (:h1 "Tasks")
              (:ul
                (loop for task in (tasks widget) do
                      (:li (render task))))))

• telling how to initialize the Weblocks app:

(defmethod weblocks/session:init ((app tasks))
         (declare (ignorable app))
         (let ((tasks (make-task-list "Make my first Weblocks app"
                                      "Deploy it somewhere"
                                      "Have a profit")))
           (make-instance 'task-list :tasks tasks)))

• and then writing functions to interact with the widgets, for example adding a task:

(defmethod add-task ((task-list task-list) title)
        (push (make-task title)
              (tasks task-list))
        (update task-list))

Adding an html form and calling the new add-task function:

(defmethod render ((task-list task-list))
        (with-html
          (:h1 "Tasks")
          (loop for task in (tasks task-list) do
            (render task))
          (with-html-form (:POST (lambda (&key title &allow-other-keys)
                                         (add-task task-list title)))
            (:input :type "text"
                    :name "title"
                    :placeholder "Task's title")
            (:input :type "submit"
                    :value "Add"))))

Shipping

We can build our web app from sources, no worries, that works.

Building

We can build an executable also for web apps. That simplifies a deployment process drastically.

We can even get a Lisp REPL and interact with the running web app, in which we can even install new Quicklisp dependencies. That's quite incredible, and it's very useful, if not to hot-reload a web app (which I do anyways but that might be risky), at least to reload a user's configuration file.

This is the general way:

(sb-ext:save-lisp-and-die #p"name-of-executable" :toplevel #'main :executable t)

But this is an SBCL-specific command, so we can be generic and use asdf:make, with a couple lines inside our system .asd declaration. See the Cookbook: https://lispcookbook.github.io/cl-cookbook/scripting.html#with-asdf

Now if you run your binary, your app will start up all fine, but it will quit instantly. We need to put the web server thread on the foreground:

(defun main ()
    ;; with bordeaux-threads. Also sb-ext: join-thread, thread-name, list-all-threads.
    (bt:join-thread (find-if (lambda (th)
                                (search "hunchentoot" (bt:thread-name th)))
                              (bt:all-threads))))

When I run it, Hunchentoot stays listening at the foreground:

$ ./my-webapp
Hunchentoot server is started.
Listening on localhost:9003.

I can use a tmux session (tmux, then C-b d to detach it) or better yet, start the app with Systemd, see below.

But we need something more for real apps, we need to ship foreign libraries. Deploy to the rescue. Edit your .asd file slightly to have:

:defsystem-depends-on (:deploy)  ;; (ql:quickload "deploy") before
:build-operation "deploy-op"     ;; instead of "program-op" as above
:build-pathname "my-webapp"  ;; doesn't change
:entry-point "my-webapp:main"  ;; doesn't change

Build the app again with asdf:make, and see how Deploy discovers and ships in the required foreign libraries: libssl.so, libosicat.so, libmagic.so...

It puts the final binary and the .so libraries in a bin/ directory. This is what you'll have to ship.

I can now build my web app, send it to my VPS and see it live \o/

One more thing. We don't want to ship libssl and libcrypto, so we ask Deploy to not ship them. We prefer to rely on the target OS.

;; .asd
;; Deploy may not find libcrypto on your system.
;; But anyways, we won't ship it to rely instead
;; on its presence on the target OS.
(require :cl+ssl)  ; sometimes necessary.
#+linux (deploy:define-library cl+ssl::libssl :dont-deploy T)
#+linux (deploy:define-library cl+ssl::libcrypto :dont-deploy T)

There's also a hack if you have an issue with ASDF trying to update itself... see the skeleton: https://github.com/vindarel/cl-cookieweb

To be exhaustive, here's how to catch a user's C-c and stop our app correctly. By default, you would get a full backtrace. Yuk.

(defun main ()
  (start-app :port 9003)
  ;; with bordeaux-threads
  (handler-case (bt:join-thread (find-if (lambda (th)
                                             (search "hunchentoot" (bt:thread-name th)))
                                         (bt:all-threads)))
    (#+sbcl sb-sys:interactive-interrupt
      #+ccl  ccl:interrupt-signal-condition
      #+clisp system::simple-interrupt-condition
      #+ecl ext:interactive-interrupt
      #+allegro excl:interrupt-signal
      () (progn
           (format *error-output* "Aborting.~&")
           (clack:stop *server*)
           (uiop:quit 1)) ;; portable exit, included in ASDF, already loaded.
    ;; for others, unhandled errors (we might want to do the same).
    (error (c) (format t "Woops, an unknown error occured:~&~a~&" c)))))

To see:

• a Debian package for every Quicklisp system: http://margaine.com/2015/12/22/quicklisp-packagecloud-debian-packages.html.

Multiplatform delivery with Electron (Ceramic)

Ceramic makes all the work for us.

It is as simple as this:

;; Load Ceramic and our app
(ql:quickload '(:ceramic :our-app))

;; Ensure Ceramic is set up
(ceramic:setup)
(ceramic:interactive)

;; Start our app (here based on the Lucerne framework)
(lucerne:start our-app.views:app :port 8000)

;; Open a browser window to it
(defvar window (ceramic:make-window :url "http://localhost:8000/"))

;; start Ceramic
(ceramic:show-window window)

and we can ship this on Linux, Mac and Windows.

More:

Ceramic applications are compiled down to native code, ensuring both performance and enabling you to deliver closed-source, commercial applications.

(so no need to minify our JS)

with one more line:

(ceramic.bundler:bundle :ceramic-hello-world
                                 :bundle-pathname #p"/home/me/app.tar")
Copying resources...
Compiling app...
Compressing...
Done!
#P"/home/me/app.tar"

This last line was buggy for us.

Deployment

When you build a self-contained binary (see above, "Shipping"), deployment gets easy.

Manually

sbcl --load <my-app> --eval '(start-my-app)'

For example, a run Makefile target:

run:
        sbcl --load my-app.asd \
             --eval '(ql:quickload :my-app)' \
             --eval '(my-app:start-app)'  ;; given this function starts clack or hunchentoot.

this keeps sbcl in the foreground. We can use tmux to put it in background, or use Systemd.

Then, we need of a task supervisor, that will restart our app on failures, start it after a reboot, handle logging. See the section below and example projects.

with Clack

$ clackup app.lisp
Hunchentoot server is started.
Listening on localhost:5000.

with Docker

So we have various implementations ready to use: sbcl, ecl, ccl... with Quicklisp well configured.

https://lispcookbook.github.io/cl-cookbook/testing.html#gitlab-ci

On Heroku

See heroku-buildpack-common-lisp and the Awesome CL#deploy section.

Systemd: daemonizing, restarting in case of crashes, handling logs

Generally, this depends on your system. But most GNU/Linux distros now come with Systemd. Write a service file like this:

$ /etc/systemd/system/my-app.service
[Unit]
Description=stupid simple example

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/path/to/your/app
ExecStart=/usr/bin/sbcl --load run.lisp  # your command, full path
Type=simple
Restart=always
RestartSec=10

One gotcha is that your app must be run on the foreground. See the threads snippet above in Shipping, and add it when running the app from sources too. Otherwise, you'll see a "compilation unit aborted, caught 1 fatal error condition" error. That's simply your Lisp quitting too early.

Run this command to start the service:

sudo systemctl start my-app.service

to check its status:

systemctl status my-app.service

Systemd handles logging for you. We write to stdout or stderr, it writes logs:

journalctl -u my-app.service

use -f -n 30 to see live updates of logs.

This tells Systemd to handle crashes and to restart the app:

Restart=always

and it can start the app after a reboot:

[Install]
WantedBy=basic.target

to enable it:

sudo systemctl enable my-app.service

Debugging SBCL error: ensure_space: failed to allocate n bytes

If you get this error with SBCL on your server:

mmap: wanted 1040384 bytes at 0x20000000, actually mapped at 0x715fa2145000
ensure_space: failed to allocate 1040384 bytes at 0x20000000
(hint: Try "ulimit -a"; maybe you should increase memory limits.)

then disable ASLR:

sudo bash -c "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space"

Connecting to a remote Swank server

Little example here: http://cvberry.com/tech_writings/howtos/remotely_modifying_a_running_program_using_swank.html.

It defines a simple function that prints forever:

;; a little common lisp swank demo
;; while this program is running, you can connect to it from another terminal or machine
;; and change the definition of doprint to print something else out!
;; (ql:quickload '(:swank :bordeaux-threads))

(require :swank)
(require :bordeaux-threads)

(defparameter *counter* 0)

(defun dostuff ()
  (format t "hello world ~a!~%" *counter*))

(defun runner ()
  (bt:make-thread (lambda ()
                    (swank:create-server :port 4006)))
  (format t "we are past go!~%")
  (loop while t do
       (sleep 5)
       (dostuff)
       (incf *counter*)))

(runner)

On our server, we run it with

sbcl --load demo.lisp

we do port forwarding on our development machine:

ssh -L4006:127.0.0.1:4006 username@example.com

this will securely forward port 4006 on the server at example.com to our local computer's port 4006 (swanks accepts connections from localhost).

We connect to the running swank with M-x slime-connect, typing in port 4006.

We can write new code:

(defun dostuff ()
  (format t "goodbye world ~a!~%" *counter*))
(setf *counter* 0)

and eval it as usual with M-x slime-eval-region for instance. The output should change.

There are more pointers on CV Berry's page.

Hot reload

When we run the app as a script we get a Lisp REPL, so we can hot-reload the running web app. Here we demonstrate a recipe to update it remotely.

Example taken from Quickutil.

It has a Makefile target:

hot_deploy:
        $(call $(LISP), \
                (ql:quickload :quickutil-server) (ql:quickload :swank-client), \
                (swank-client:with-slime-connection (conn "localhost" $(SWANK_PORT)) \
                        (swank-client:slime-eval (quote (handler-bind ((error (function continue))) \
                                (ql:quickload :quickutil-utilities) (ql:quickload :quickutil-server) \
                                (funcall (symbol-function (intern "STOP" :quickutil-server))) \
                                (funcall (symbol-function (intern "START" :quickutil-server)) $(start_args)))) conn)) \
                $($(LISP)-quit))

It has to be run on the server (a simple fabfile command can call this through ssh). Beforehand, a fab update has run git pull on the server, so new code is present but not running. It connects to the local swank server, loads the new code, stops and starts the app in a row.

(yes that currently helps, thanks!)

24 Jun 2022 6:51am GMT

22 Jun 2022 12:00am GMT

Tonight I noticed that I had over 200 buffers open in emacs. I've been programming a lot in Python recently, so many of them are in Python mode. I wondered how many Python files I had open, and I counted them by hand. About 90. I then wondered how many were in Javascript mode, in RST mode, etc. I wondered what a histogram would look like, for me and for others, at times when I'm programming versus working on documentation, etc.

Because it's emacs, it wasn't hard to write a function to display a buffer mode histogram. Here's mine:

235 buffers open, in 23 distinct modes

91               python +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
47          fundamental +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
24                  js2 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
21                dired +++++++++++++++++++++
16                 html ++++++++++++++++
 7                 text +++++++
 4                 help ++++
 4           emacs-lisp ++++
 3                   sh +++
 3       makefile-gmake +++
 2          compilation ++
 2                  css ++
 1          Buffer-menu +
 1                 mail +
 1                 grep +
 1      completion-list +
 1                   vm +
 1                  org +
 1               comint +
 1              apropos +
 1                 Info +
 1           vm-summary +
 1      vm-presentation +

Tempting as it is, I'm not going to go on about the heady delights of having a fully programmable editor. You either already know, or you can just drool in slack-jawed wonder.

Unfortunately I'm a terrible emacs lisp programmer. I can barely remember a thing each time I use it. But the interpreter is of course just emacs itself and the elisp documentation is in emacs, so it's a really fun environment to develop in. And because emacs lisp has a ton of support for doing things to itself, code that acts on emacs and your own editing session or buffers is often very succinct. See for example the save-excursion and with-output-to-temp-buffer functions below.

Various things about the formatting could be improved. E.g., not use fixed-width fields for the count and the mode names, and make the + signs indicate more than one buffer mode when there are many.

10 Nov 2011 2:42pm GMT

Last night, Andrea Gavana released his new Namespace Diff Tool (NDT) to the world. I got his permission to reprint his announcement here for all those people who don't follow the wxPython mailing list. I think it sounds like a really cool tool. You should check it out and see what you think. Here is the announcement:

Description
===========

The `Namespace Diff Tool` (NDT) is a graphical user interface that can
be used to discover differences between different versions of a library,
or even between different iterations/sub-versions of the same library.

The tool can be used to identify what is missing and still needs to be
implemented, or what is new in a new release, which items do not have
docstrings and so on.

Full description of the original idea by Robin Dunn:

http://svn.wxwidgets.org/viewvc/wx/wxPython/Phoenix/trunk/TODO.txt?vi…

:warning: As most of the widgets in the GUI are owner drawn or custom,
it is highly probable that the interface itself will look messy on other
platforms (Mac, I am talking to you). Please do try and create a patch to
fix any possible issue in this sense.

:note: Please refer to the TODOs section for a list of things that still
need
to be implemented.

Requirements
============

In order to run NDT, these packages need to be installed:

- Python 2.X (where 5 = X = 7);
- wxPython >= 2.8.10;
- SQLAlchemy >= 0.6.4.

More detailed instructions on how to use it, TODO items, list of
libraries/packages I tested NDT against, screenshots and download links can
be found here:

http://xoomer.virgilio.it/infinity77/main/NDT.html

If you stumble upon a bug (which is highly probable), please do let me
know. But most importantly, please do try and make an effort to create a
patch for the bug.

According to the thread, some bugs were already found and fixed.

10 Nov 2011 1:15pm GMT

From the Yet Another dept.:

To further its commitment to the Java Community Process (JCP), Oracle has submitted the first of two Java Specification Requests (JSRs) to update and revitalize the JCP.

10 Nov 2011 6:01am GMT

From the Fact Checking dept.:

ZDNET: Sometimes the sheer wrongness of what is posted on the web leaves us speechless. Especially when it's picked up and repeated as gospel by otherwise reputable sites like Engadget. "Google copied Oracle's Java code, pasted in a new license, and shipped it," they reported this morning.



Sorry, but that just isn't true.

10 Nov 2011 6:01am GMT

From the Grande dept.:

Oracle today announced the availability of Java Platform, Standard Edition 7 (Java SE 7), the first release of the Java platform under Oracle stewardship.

10 Nov 2011 6:01am GMT

Today's I love Python moment is bought to you by set types.

I have a file, XML naturally, the contains a series of transactions. Each transaction has a reference number, but the reference number may be repeated. I want to pull the distinct set of reference numbers from this file. The way I learnt to build up a discrete set of items (many years ago) was to use a dict and set default.

>>> ref_nos = {}
>>> for record in records:
>>>     ref_nos.setdefault(record.key, 1)
>>> ref_nos.keys()

But Python has had a sets module since 2.3 and the set standard data type since 2.6 so my knowledge is woefully out of date. The latest way to get the unique values from a sequence looks something like this;

>>> ref_nos = set([record.key for record in records])

I think I should get bonus points for using a list comprehension as well.

10 Nov 2011 5:42am GMT

Another November, another Fedora. 16 came out, so it was time to update mach again.

And today I thought, is there any reason mach isn't 1.0 yet ? Am I going to do anything more to this piece of code before I want to call it that ?

And the answer is, no. It's the first Python application I've written, and I'm not particularly proud of the code, but I'm happy I've made good use of it for so long, and that it helped push packaging approaches forward and sparked ideas for the Fedora build system.

Since I didn't like the original code for mach2 (there was a version 1 which was Makefile-based), I started a rewrite with unit tests, better code layout, decent classes for abstracting distro-specific stuff, and so on.

The experience of how mock was created based off mach2 was a slightly sour one however, so I wasn't really motivated to finish the mach3 rewrite. Sometimes that's the drawback of open source - sure, forking is specifically allowed, so don't whine about it when it happens. But when it's done gratuitously, with no serious attempt at collaborating, it doesn't feel like it's in the spirit of open source.

Anyway, that was a long time ago. mach2 as it is today, is done. It really only needs updating for newer versions. As long as it works for me, it's unlikely I will continue mach3, but who knows?

Enjoy the release!

09 Nov 2011 10:56pm GMT

This is mostly for my own reference, but since it might be useful to others:

By "Properly booting" I mean "Integrating into the boot system as well as Mac OS X does". The device should be visible from the boot picker menu and should be selectable as a startup disk. For this to happen the boot should be in HFS+ format and have the following files:

• /mach_kernel (can be empty)
• /System/Library/CoreServices/boot.efi (may be booted, if so should be a symlink to the actual bootloader)
• /System/Library/CoreServices/SystemVersion.plist which should look something like

  <xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <plist version="1.0">
  <dict>
          <key>ProductBuildVersion</key>
          <string></string>
          <key>ProductName</key>
          <string>Linux</string>
          <key>ProductVersion</key>
          <string>Fedora 16</string>
  </dict>
  </plist>
  

That's enough to get it to appear in the startup disk boot pane. Getting it in the boot picker requires it to be blessed. You probably also want a .VolumeIcon.icns in / in order to get an appropriate icon.

Now all I need is an aesthetically appealing boot loader.

comments

09 Nov 2011 10:06pm GMT

From time to time i want to answer on mails on Debian mailinglists that i am not subcribed to. To have proper reply-headers set, i usually copied the archive mbox from master.debian.org to my local machine.

Now i found a much nicer way.

apt-get install fuse afuse sshfs
adduser zobel fuse
mkdir ~/fuse/
afuse -o mount_template="sshfs %r:/ %m" -o unmount_template="fusermount -u -z %m" -o timeout=60 ~/fuse
mutt -f /home/zobel/fuse/master.debian.org/home/debian/lists/debian-user/debian-user.201111

09 Nov 2011 10:04pm GMT

I recently started getting mails from no-reply@joindiaspora.com. Usually, a mail from no-reply@whatever is enough to make me believe that the admins of said whatever are clueless regarding what e-mail means and how should it work. And in this case, it really amazes me - If I get an invite to Diaspora*, right, I should not pester a hypothetical sysadmin@joindiaspora.com to get me off his list, but I should be able to reply to the person mailing me - Maybe requesting extra details on what he is inviting me to, or allowing me to tell him why I'm not interested. But yes, Diaspora* has fallen to the ease of requiring me to join their network to be able to communicate back with the "friend" who invited me.

Some of the (three?) readers of this site might not be familiar with the Diaspora* project. It is a free reimplementation (as far as I know) of something similar to Facebook - Free not only in the sense that it runs free software, but also because it is federated - Your data will not belong to a specific company (that is, you are not the value object they sell and make money with), but you can choose and switch (or become) the provider for your information. A very interesting proposal, socially and technically.

I find that a gross violation of netiquette. I should be able to reply to the mail - Even if in this case it were to (and sorry - As you are spreading my name/mail, you will excuse me if I spread your name ;-) ) fernando.estrada.invite1501335@joindiaspora.com. Such an (fictional FWIW) address would allow for mail to reach back the submitter by the same medium it was sent, without allowing open spamming into the network.

Now, what prompted me to write this mail (just before adding no-reply@joindiaspora.com to my blacklist) is the message I got (in an ugly HTML-only mail which erroneously promised to be text/plain, sigh...) is that Fernando sent me as the inviting message, «So, at least are you going to give Diaspora a chance?»

The answer is: No..

But not because of being a fundamentalist. Right, I am among what many people qualify as Free Software zealots, but many of my choices (as this one is) is in no way related to the software's freeness. I use non-free Web services, as much as many of you do. Yes, I tend to use them less, rather than more (as the tendency goes).

But the main reason I don't use Twitter is the same reason I don't use Identi.ca, its free counterpart - And the reason I'm not interested in Facebook is the same reason I will not join Diaspora* - Because I lack time for yet another stream of activity, of information, of things to do and think about.

Yes, even if I care about you and I want to follow what's going on in your life: The best way to do it is to sit over a cup of coffee, or have some dinner, or to meet once a year in the most amazing conference ever. Or we can be part of distributed projects together, and we will really interact lots. Or you can write a blog! I do follow the blogs of many of my friends (plus several planets), even if they have fallen out of fashion - A blog post pulls me to read it as it is a unit of information, not too much depending on context (a problem when I read somebody's Twitter/Identica lines: You have to hunt a lot of conversations to understand what's going on), gives a true dump of (at least one aspect of) your state of (mind|life|work), and is a referenceable unit I can forward to other people, or quote if needed.

So, yes, I might look old-fashioned, clinging to the tools of the last-decade for my Social Web presence. I will never be a Social Media Expert. I accept it - But please, don't think it is a Stallmanesque posture from me. It is just that of a person who can lose too much time, and needs to get some work done in the meantime.

(oh, of course: Blog posts also don't have to make much sense or be logically complete. But at least they allow me to post a full argument!)

09 Nov 2011 5:55pm GMT

(Source: www.esa.org)

In biology, it is proven that consanguinity between members belonging to the same group (example: people living in the same closed area or animals from the same breed) may affect their resistance to certain diseases or reduce certain physical characteristics. It's important to keep some level of diversity. The latest Juniper story made me remember the talk about "monoculture" presented at BlackHat Europe 2011.

A few days ago, some parts of the Internet were affected by a bug in Juniper routers BGP update code. If you have a look at the market of the core-routers, it is dominated by two manufacturers: Cisco & Juniper. Routers operated by major ISPs are crucial to maintain the Internet reliable. If most of those devices are coming from a unique manufacturer (or a very limited number of them), you increase the risks to face big issues if they are affected by a bug or a security flaw.

Now, speaking about devices or applications in general (the core-routers were just an example) and from a business point of view, monoculture is positive:

• You can negotiate better prices (more items you buy, more discount you receive),
• You can easily negotiate with other resellers,
• You find plenty of engineers with the enough knowledge or external consultants,
• Your engineers don't need multiple skills and certifications,
• Plenty of on-line resources may help you,
• You get some nice goodies from the manufacturers.

But, putting the layer-8 (the "political layer") aside, monoculture has side effects:

• Big players offer a very large attack surface to hackers (They will select the most deployed targets),
• Manufacturers don't have time to re-invent the wheel and different products may re-use the same (vulnerable) piece of code,
• Big players might be slower to react to vulnerabilities,
• Big players might be less motivated for changes,
• Your vision of the market is restricted.

Like in biology, monoculture can generate catastrophic situations in case of a successful attack or major bug. I don't say that big players do a bad job (otherwise they could never reach such part of the market). Just don't behave like a lemming. Choose the solution which match your requirements and not just because "it's a big name".

Do you remember the French movie "Les Rivières Pourpre" ("The Crimson Rivers") with the closed society of Guernon?

09 Nov 2011 1:44pm GMT

Flynn has to spend 10 days at the hospital due to a kidney & blood infection :_( (Taken with Instagram at AZ Sint-Lucas)

09 Nov 2011 12:18pm GMT

papupapu39 · http://identi.ca/url/56409795 #fosdem #freeknowledge #usamabinladen · about a day ago from web. Help · About · FAQ · TOS · Privacy · Source · Version · Contact. Identi.ca is a microblogging service brought to you by Status.net. ...

08 Nov 2011 12:28am GMT

FOSDEM (Free and Open Source Development European Meeting) is a European event centered around Free and Open Source software development. It is aimed at developers and all interested in the Free and Open Source news in the world. ...

05 Nov 2011 1:19am GMT

FOSDEM (Free and Open Source Development European Meeting) is a European event centered around Free and Open Source software development. It is aimed at developers and all interested in the Free and Open Source news in the ...

03 Nov 2011 3:45pm GMT

Ruby and Cocoa on OS X, the iPhone, and the Device That Shall Not Be Named

28 Oct 2011 8:00pm GMT

This was originally posted as a comment on @fogus's blog post "Why Clojure doesn't need invokedynamic, but it might be nice". I figured it's worth a top-level post here.

Ok, there's some good points here and a few misguided/misinformed positions. I'll try to cover everything.

First, I need to point out a key detail of invokedynamic that may have escaped notice: any case where you must bounce through a generic piece of code to do dispatch -- regardless of how fast that bounce may be -- prevents a whole slew of optimizations from happening. This might affect Java dispatch, if there's any argument-twiddling logic shared between call sites. It would definitely affect multimethods, which are using a hand-implemented PIC. Any case where there's intervening code between the call site and the target would benefit from invokedynamic, since invokedynamic could be used to plumb that logic and let it inline straight through. This is, indeed, the primary benefit of using invokedynamic: arbitrarily complex dispatch logic folds away allowing the dispatch to optimize as if it were direct.

Your point about inference in Java dispatch is a fair one...if Clojure is able to infer all cases, then there's no need to use invokedynamic at all. But unless Clojure is able to infer all cases, then you've got this little performance time bomb just waiting to happen. Tweak some code path and obscure the inference, and kablam, you're back on a slow reflective impl. Invokedynamic would provide a measure of consistency; the only unforeseen perf impact would be when the dispatch turns out to *actually* be polymorphic, in which case even a direct call wouldn't do much better.

For multimethods, the benefit should be clear: the MM selection logic would be mostly implemented using method handles and "leaf" logic, allowing hotspot to inline it everywhere it is used. That means for small-morphic MM call sites, all targets could potentially inline too. That's impossible without invokedynamic unless you generate every MM path immediately around the eventual call.

Now, on to defs and Var lookup. Depending on the cost of Var lookup, using a SwitchPoint-based invalidation plus invokedynamic could be a big win. In Java 7u2, SwitchPoint-based invalidation is essentially free until invalidated, and as you point out that's a rare case. There would essentially be *no* cost in indirecting through a var until that var changes...and then it would settle back into no cost until it changes again. Frequently-changing vars could gracefully degrade to a PIC.

It's also dangerous to understate the impact code size has on JVM optimization. The usual recommendation on the JVM is to move code into many small methods, possibly using call-through logic as in multimethods to reuse the same logic in many places. As I've mentioned, that defeats many optimizations, so the next approach is often to hand-inline logic everywhere it's used, to let the JVM have a more optimizable view of the system. But now we're stepping on our own feet...by adding more bytecode, we're almost certainly impacting the JVM's optimization and inlining budgets.

OpenJDK (and probably the other VMs too) has various limits on how far it will go to optimize code. A large number of these limits are based on the bytecoded size of the target methods. Methods that get too big won't inline, and sometimes won't compile. Methods that inline a lot of code might not get inlined into other methods. Methods that inline one path and eat up too much budget might push out more important calls later on. The only way around this is to reduce bytecode size, which is where invokedynamic comes in.

As of OpenJDK 7u2, MethodHandle logic is not included when calculating inlining budgets. In other words, if you push all the Java dispatch logic or multimethod dispatch logic or var lookup into mostly MethodHandles, you're getting that logic *for free*. That has had a tremendous impact on JRuby performance; I had previous versions of our compiler that did indeed infer static target methods from the interpreter, but they were often *slower* than call site caching solely because the code was considerably larger. With invokedynamic, a call is a call is a call, and the intervening plumbing is not counted against you.

Now, what about negative impacts to Clojure itself...

#0 is a red herring. JRuby supports Java 5, 6, and 7 with only a few hundred lines of changes in the compiler. Basically, the compiler has abstract interfaces for doing things like constant lookup, literal loading, and dispatch that we simply reimplement to use invokedynamic (extending the old non-indy logic for non-indified paths). In order to compile our uses of invokedynamic, we use Rémi Forax's JSR-292 backport, which includes a "mock" jar with all the invokedynamic APIs stubbed out. In our release, we just leave that library out, reflectively load the invokedynamic-based compiler impls, and we're off to the races.

#1 would be fair if the Oracle Java 7u2 early-access drops did not already include the optimizations that gave JRuby those awesome numbers. The biggest of those optimizations was making SwitchPoint free, but also important are the inlining discounting and MutableCallSite improvements. The perf you see for JRuby there can apply to any indirected behavior in Clojure, with the same perf benefits as of 7u2.

For #2, to address the apparent vagueness in my blog post...the big perf gain was largely from using SwitchPoint to invalidate constants rather than pinging a global serial number. Again, indirection folds away if you can shove it into MethodHandles. And it's pretty easy to do it.

#3 is just plain FUD. Oracle has committed to making invokedynamic work well for Java too. The current thinking is that "lambda", the support for closures in Java 7, will use invokedynamic under the covers to implement "function-like" constructs. Oracle has also committed to Nashorn, a fully invokedynamic-based JavaScript implementation, which has many of the same challenges as languages like Ruby or Python. I talked with Adam Messinger at Oracle, who explained to me that Oracle chose JavaScript in part because it's so far away from Java...as I put it (and he agreed) it's going to "keep Oracle honest" about optimizing for non-Java languages. Invokedynamic is driving the future of the JVM, and Oracle knows it all too well.

As for #4...well, all good things take a little effort :) I think the effort required is far lower than you suspect, though.

14 Oct 2011 2:40pm GMT

Hi everyone,

Rails 3.1.1 has been released. This release requires at least sass-rails 3.1.4

CHANGES

ActionMailer

• No changes

ActionPack

• stylesheetlinktag('/stylesheets/application') and similar helpers doesn't throw Sprockets::FileOutsidePaths exception anymore [Santiago Pastorino]

• Ensure defaultassethost_protocol is respected, closes #2980. [José Valim]

  Changing rake db:schema:dump to run :environment as well as :load_config, as running :load_config alone will lead to the dumper being run without including extensions such as those included in foreigner and spatial_adapter.

  This reverses a change made here: https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/5df72a238e9fcb18daf6ab6e6dc9051c9106d7bb#L0L324

  I'm assuming here that :load_config needs to be invoked separately from :environment, as it is elsewhere in the file for db operations, if not the alternative is to go back to "task :dump => :environment do".

  [Ben Woosley]

• Update to rack-cache 1.1.

  Versions prior to 1.1 delete the If-Modified-Since and If-Not-Modified headers when config.actioncontroller.performcaching is true. This has two problems:

  • unexpected inconsistent behaviour between development & production environments
  • breaks applications that use of these headers

  [Brendan Ribera]

• Ensure that enhancements to assets:precompile task are only run once [Sam Pohlenz]

• TestCase should respect the view_assigns API instead of pulling variables on its own. [José Valim]

• javascriptpath and stylesheetpath now refer to /assets if asset pipelining is on. [Santiago Pastorino]

• button_to support form option. Now you're able to pass for example 'data-type' => 'json'. [ihower]

• imagepath and imagetag should use /assets if asset pipelining is turned on. Closes #3126 [Santiago Pastorino and christos]

• Avoid use of existing precompiled assets during rake assets:precompile run. Closes #3119 [Guillermo Iguaran]

• Copy assets to nondigested filenames too [Santiago Pastorino]

• Give precedence to config.digest = false over the existence of manifest.yml asset digests [christos]

• escape options for the stylesheetlinktag method [Alexey Vakhov]

• Re-launch assets:precompile task using (Rake.)ruby instead of Kernel.exec so it works on Windows [cablegram]

• env var passed to process shouldn't be modified in process method. [Santiago Pastorino]

• rake assets:precompile loads the application but does not initialize it.

  To the app developer, this means configuration add in config/initializers/* will not be executed.

  Plugins developers need to special case their initializers that are meant to be run in the assets group by adding :group => :assets. [José Valim]

• Sprockets uses config.assets.prefix for asset_path [asee]

• FileStore keyfilepath properly limit filenames to 255 characters. [phuibonhoa]

• Fix Hash#toquery edge case with htmlsafe strings. [brainopia]

• Allow asset tag helper methods to accept :digest => false option in order to completely avoid the digest generation. Useful for linking assets from static html files or from emails when the user could probably look at an older html email with an older asset. [Santiago Pastorino]

• Don't mount Sprockets server at config.assets.prefix if config.assets.compile is false. [Mark J. Titorenko]

• Set relative url root in assets when controller isn't available for Sprockets (eg. Sass files using asset_path). Fixes #2435 [Guillermo Iguaran]

• Fix basic auth credential generation to not make newlines. GH #2882

• Fixed the behavior of asset pipeline when config.assets.digest and config.assets.compile are false and requested asset isn't precompiled. Before the requested asset were compiled anyway ignoring that the config.assets.compile flag is false. [Guillermo Iguaran]

• CookieJar is now Enumerable. Fixes #2795

• Fixed AssetNotPrecompiled error raised when rake assets:precompile is compiling certain .erb files. See GH #2763 #2765 #2805 [Guillermo Iguaran]

• Manifest is correctly placed in assets path when default assets prefix is changed. Fixes #2776 [Guillermo Iguaran]

• Fixed stylesheetlinktag and javascriptincludetag to respect additional options passed by the users when debug is on. [Guillermo Iguaran]

• Fix ActiveRecord#exists? when passsed a nil value

• Fix assertselectemail to work on multipart and non-multipart emails as the method stopped working correctly in Rails 3.x due to changes in the new mail gem.

ActiveModel

• Remove hard dependency on bcrypt-ruby to avoid make ActiveModel dependent on a binary library. You must add the gem explicitly to your Gemfile if you want use ActiveModel::SecurePassword:

  gem 'bcrypt-ruby', '~> 3.0.0'

  See GH #2687. [Guillermo Iguaran]

ActiveRecord

• Add deprecation for the preload_associations method. Fixes #3022.

  [Jon Leighton]

• Don't require a DB connection when loading a model that uses setprimarykey. GH #2807.

  [Jon Leighton]

• Fix using select() with a habtm association, e.g. Person.friends.select(:name). GH #3030 and #2923.

  [Hendy Tanata]

• Fix belongs_to polymorphic with custom primary key on target. GH #3104.

  [Jon Leighton]

• CollectionProxy#replace should change the DB records rather than just mutating the array. Fixes #3020.

  [Jon Leighton]

• LRU cache in mysql and sqlite are now per-process caches.

  • lib/activerecord/connectionadapters/mysql_adapter.rb: LRU cache keys are per process id.
  • lib/activerecord/connectionadapters/sqlite_adapter.rb: ditto

• Database adapters use a statement pool for limiting the number of open prepared statments on the database. The limit defaults to 1000, but can be adjusted in your database config by changing 'statement_limit'.

• Fix clash between using 'preload', 'joins' or 'eager_load' in a default scope and including the default scoped model in a nested through association. (GH #2834.) [Jon Leighton]

• Ensure we are not comparing a string with a symbol in HasManyAssociation#inverseupdatescounter_cache?. Fixes GH #2755, where a counter cache could be decremented twice as far as it was supposed to be.

  [Jon Leighton]

• Don't send any queries to the database when the foreign key of a belongs_to is nil. Fixes GH #2828. [Georg Friedrich]

• Fixed findin_batches method to not include order from defaultscope. See GH #2832 [Arun Agrawal]

• Don't compute table name for abstract classes. Fixes problem with setting the primary key in an abstract class. See GH #2791. [Akira Matsuda]

• Psych errors with poor yaml formatting are proxied. Fixes GH #2645 and GH #2731

• Use the LIMIT word with the methods #last and #first. Fixes GH #2783 [Damien Mathieu]

ActiveResource

• No changes

ActiveSupport

• ruby193: String#prepend is also unsafe [Akira Matsuda]

• Fix obviously breakage of Time.=== for Time subclasses [jeremyevans]

• Added fix so that file store does not raise an exception when cache dir does not exist yet. This can happen if a delete_matched is called before anything is saved in the cache. [Philippe Huibonhoa]

• Fixed performance issue where TimeZone lookups would require tzinfo each time [Tim Lucas]

• ActiveSupport::OrderedHash is now marked as extractable when using Array#extract_options! [Prem Sichanugrist]

Railties

• Add jquery-rails to Gemfile of plugins, test/dummy app needs it. Closes #3091. [Santiago Pastorino]

• rake assets:precompile loads the application but does not initialize it.

  To the app developer, this means configuration add in config/initializers/* will not be executed.

  Plugins developers need to special case their initializers that are meant to be run in the assets group by adding :group => :assets.

SHA-1

• 9337cff7772da034b0b34b73b85cf249f1a70f52 actionmailer-3.1.1.gem
• 7bb1b8d096a6ff1ff46dcfb778bf86a5daca1b0d actionpack-3.1.1.gem
• d5dc71e1a9a0e20d819f4dff27ff0697e99a7f64 activemodel-3.1.1.gem
• 7245632cb3b38612628304c1e244855d0053f7be activerecord-3.1.1.gem
• 6d09800202c2747e84249b8646f0fd480ed4924f activeresource-3.1.1.gem
• 66df2fd144aab22f52819fd489e33a976d68a46b activesupport-3.1.1.gem
• 6a35a49948bbd9f461839a1a271def90b23a851a rails-3.1.1.gem
• 6979ef891bd03fb639b979af9fdc56781f9358d9 railties-3.1.1.gem

You can find an exhaustive list of changes on github. Along with the closed issues marked for v3.1.1.

Thanks to everyone!

07 Oct 2011 5:26pm GMT

If you see this message in your RSS reader, please correct your RSS link to the following URL: http://fosdem.org/rss.xml.

26 Jul 2008 5:55am GMT

These pages have been archived.
For information about the latest FOSDEM edition please check this url: http://fosdem.org

25 Jul 2008 4:43pm GMT

Two weeks after FOSDEM and we are proud to publish most of the slides and videos from this year's edition.

All of the material from the Lightning Talks has been put online. We are still missing some slides and videos from the Main Tracks but we are working hard on getting those completed too.

We would like to thank our mirrors: HEAnet (IE) and Unixheads (US) for hosting our videos, and NamurLUG for quick recording and encoding.

The videos from the Janson room were live-streamed during the event and are also online on the Linux Magazin site.

We are having some synchronisation issues with Belnet (BE) at the moment. We're working to sort these out.

09 Mar 2008 3:12pm GMT