fidzu : thunderbird

The Rust team is happy to announce a new version of Rust, 1.90.0. Rust is a programming language empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient software.

If you have a previous version of Rust installed via rustup, you can get 1.90.0 with:

$ rustup update stable

If you don't have it already, you can get rustup from the appropriate page on our website, and check out the detailed release notes for 1.90.0.

If you'd like to help us out by testing future releases, you might consider updating locally to use the beta channel (rustup default beta) or the nightly channel (rustup default nightly). Please report any bugs you might come across!

What's in 1.90.0 stable

LLD is now the default linker on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

The x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu target will now use the LLD linker for linking Rust crates by default. This should result in improved linking performance vs the default Linux linker (BFD), particularly for large binaries, binaries with a lot of debug information, and for incremental rebuilds.

In the vast majority of cases, LLD should be backwards compatible with BFD, and you should not see any difference other than reduced compilation time. However, if you do run into any new linker issues, you can always opt out using the -C linker-features=-lld compiler flag. Either by adding it to the usual RUSTFLAGS environment variable, or to a project's .cargo/config.toml configuration file, like so:

[target.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu]
rustflags = ["-Clinker-features=-lld"]

If you encounter any issues with the LLD linker, please let us know. You can read more about the switch to LLD, some benchmark numbers and the opt out mechanism here.

Cargo adds native support for workspace publishing

cargo publish --workspace is now supported, automatically publishing all of the crates in a workspace in the right order (following any dependencies between them).

This has long been possible with external tooling or manual ordering of individual publishes, but this brings the functionality into Cargo itself.

Native integration allows Cargo's publish verification to run a build across the full set of to-be-published crates as if they were published, including during dry-runs. Note that publishes are still not atomic -- network errors or server-side failures can still lead to a partially published workspace.

Demoting x86_64-apple-darwin to Tier 2 with host tools

GitHub will soon discontinue providing free macOS x86_64 runners for public repositories. Apple has also announced their plans for discontinuing support for the x86_64 architecture.

In accordance with these changes, as of Rust 1.90, we have demoted the x86_64-apple-darwin target from Tier 1 with host tools to Tier 2 with host tools. This means that the target, including tools like rustc and cargo, will be guaranteed to build but is not guaranteed to pass our automated test suite.

For users, this change will not immediately cause impact. Builds of both the standard library and the compiler will still be distributed by the Rust Project for use via rustup or alternative installation methods while the target remains at Tier 2. Over time, it's likely that reduced test coverage for this target will cause things to break or fall out of compatibility with no further announcements.

Stabilized APIs

• u{n}::checked_sub_signed
• u{n}::overflowing_sub_signed
• u{n}::saturating_sub_signed
• u{n}::wrapping_sub_signed
• impl Copy for IntErrorKind
• impl Hash for IntErrorKind
• impl PartialEq<&CStr> for CStr
• impl PartialEq<CString> for CStr
• impl PartialEq<Cow<CStr>> for CStr
• impl PartialEq<&CStr> for CString
• impl PartialEq<CStr> for CString
• impl PartialEq<Cow<CStr>> for CString
• impl PartialEq<&CStr> for Cow<CStr>
• impl PartialEq<CStr> for Cow<CStr>
• impl PartialEq<CString> for Cow<CStr>

These previously stable APIs are now stable in const contexts:

• <[T]>::reverse
• f32::floor
• f32::ceil
• f32::trunc
• f32::fract
• f32::round
• f32::round_ties_even
• f64::floor
• f64::ceil
• f64::trunc
• f64::fract
• f64::round
• f64::round_ties_even

Platform Support

• x86_64-apple-darwin is now a tier 2 target

Refer to Rust's platform support page for more information on Rust's tiered platform support.

Other changes

Check out everything that changed in Rust, Cargo, and Clippy.

Contributors to 1.90.0

Many people came together to create Rust 1.90.0. We couldn't have done it without all of you. Thanks!

18 Sep 2025 12:00am GMT

This essay was originally published on The Sidebar, Mozilla's Substack.

Trigger warning: Discussion of pregnancy loss.

Open up TikTok on any given day and you'll find confident young women openly discussing their periods. They might recognise a low mood is due to the luteal phase or feel amazing because they are ovulating. They acknowledge the importance of self-care and that everybody is different. Periods are normal, but there's no such thing as a normal period!

For me, a peri-menopausal woman who was surprised by my period every month until trying to get pregnant well into my 30s, this self-awareness and desire of young women to understand their own bodies and cycles is a source of great feminist pride. It is welcome progress from the shame and secrecy traditionally surrounding menstruation education.

A craving for knowledge and understanding has made cycle tracking apps very popular with women and girls from a young age. "I didn't know about tracking apps until I was 17", says Gen Z'er Sara*. Some users are keen to share cycle information with their partner and friends to encourage understanding around mood swings, or share funny stories about loud notifications alerting all to the consistency of their discharge today.

Cycle tracking apps are certainly having a moment. There are hundreds available on app stores, from simple calendars to full hormone testing. One study found that the top three cycle tracking apps dominating the market were downloaded 250 million times globally.

Often framed as simple period prediction tools that aid or avoid pregnancy, most usage of cycle tracking apps relates to everyday mental and physical wellbeing. By logging a wide range of symptoms and events, women and girls can track mood, energy levels, manage health conditions and work with their bodies. Apps can provide health and nutrition information as well as recommendations for exercise and meditation.

Cycle tracking apps are also the poster girl of what is going wrong with women's rights today. The dark side of cycle tracking apps are just that - the tracking. The two-fold threat of increased reproductive surveillance and the sale of sensitive data for advertising is in danger of outweighing the benefits of trusting these apps with information about our bodies and state of mind.

It has been three years since the overturning of Roe v. Wade, which ended the federal protection for abortion in the U.S. Many experts at the time urged women to delete cycle tracking apps in the face of the threat of tracking data being used to "prove" an abortion via a missed period. But is this actually what women are doing? Or, are they finding alternative solutions, workarounds, and new ways to engage with these tools?

Apps that were ahead of the game in terms of a good privacy commitment and track record saw a benefit. Ana Ramirez, co-executive director of Euki, a cycle tracking app and information service remembers, "Our largest download surges were immediately after Roe fell, when Euki received media coverage as a standout privacy period tracker…"

Amy Thompson, founder of the Moody Month app focused on improving mental health observed, "Moody, like much of the industry, saw users delete apps post-Roe v. Wade, but increased media coverage also drove new downloads."

So while many did delete, tracking apps were not abandoned entirely. Ana explains, "People are hungry for a way to track their sexual and reproductive health without giving up their privacy. In this political climate, period trackers aren't just tools - they're lifelines."

Concerns reached the U.K. where increased surveillance, investigation and prosecution of women suspected of "illegal" abortions after pregnancy loss added to a climate of fear, mistrust and misinformation. Azure*, 16, suspected of the app she uses, "It's dodgy and sends information to the government. It tracks to see if you've had an illegal abortion or something."

Chella Quint, founder of Period Positive and author of Own Your Period saw increased awareness of data privacy risks reaching many U.K. Gen Z'ers in the wake of Roe v. Wade being overturned which affected their use of cycle tracking apps, "Some people now use workarounds like avoiding login, using a Notes app instead, or tracking their cycles in a paper diary. Others - both adults and children - are aware of the risks but still find the apps too useful to give up."

Rose*, 19, agreed "I think most [people] are aware of the issues surrounding privacy and data collection…it's just a bit overwhelming and I've kind of just accepted that it will happen in one way or another."

High-profile cases in the U.S. related to data breaches and apps selling or sharing customer data with third parties also led users to seek out privacy respecting alternatives, which pushed companies to raise the bar for stricter privacy standards and win back user trust.

For 20-year-old Ella* based in the U.K., a concern over the sale of data by an app in the U.S. prompted a switch of trackers to another one based in Europe that promoted its privacy credentials. Another popular reason to switch is discovering the company behind an app is owned by men - female-founded companies are preferred. While switching apps is common, it is a source of frustration as the data cannot be ported to another app and years of tracking data can be lost. In a competitive market, some apps have capitalised on this by offering to port all the data from another app if the user sends screenshots of calendars.

At a bare minimum cycle tracking apps should not be selling data. But the difference between selling and sharing gets blurry. If it's in the cloud, it's being shared with the cloud provider. If advertising on social media, it's being shared with the platform. Synching with a wearable? It's being shared. It's almost impossible to get around this in the digital economy. And the law barely keeps up as Amy Thompson from Moody Month observed, "While anonymisation/pseudonymisation frameworks exist in major privacy laws, enforcement and implementation standards often lag behind evolving privacy risks."

It can be difficult to comprehend why anyone would be so interested in this info in the first place. As Nat*, 42 from the UK said, "who cares if all the data leaks, who cares if anyone knows my periods, when I have sex, when I go swimming etc?"

A report by the Minderoo Centre for Democracy and Technology outlines the value of knowing if someone is trying to become pregnant as pregnancy is a life event that drastically changes shopping habits. Cycle-based advertising seeks to tailor adverts based on menstrual cycle phases, suggesting that hormone fluctuations can make people susceptible to products at different times, such as clothing and cosmetics in the first half of the cycle when women might be ovulating and feeling good. Either way, someone is commodifying aspects of your body while you are in the process of trying to understand it.

Some may not care deeply about this. For those more likely to be surveilled or face barriers to care - such as people of colour, young people, people on welfare, those living in restrictive U.S. states, menstruating people who do not identify as cis women - they are more guarded about their privacy and what happens to their data. Ana Ramirez from Euki believes these are the people who should be at the forefront in developer's minds, "Power lies in designing with - not just for - the people most often dismissed as 'edge cases.' Centering privacy starts with centering those most impacted."

Women have always been watched but that is not going to stop us trying to understand what is going on with our bodies. We'll find workarounds and seek out high privacy standards. We may track our periods for fertility reasons, but there is so much more to it than that. Which makes sense because we, as women and human beings, are much more than that.

*Names have been changed

---

Lucy Purdon is the founder of Courage Everywhere, a consultancy advising organisations on the responsible development of technology to advance human rights, democracy and gender justice. Lucy has provided strategic advice, policy development and original research for organisations ranging from tech startups to the United Nations. She has worked in civil society roles for over 13 years, including as a Senior Tech Policy Fellow at Mozilla Foundation. She writes the weekly newsletter The Prompt, analysing the latest tech news and trends.

Join us in sharing your act of daily defiance using #dailydefiance and tagging @firefox on social channels to be a part of our movement and remind the world that everyday choices do matter, and we should all choose boldly.

Firefox will be sharing some of the entries with our community and creating mini-challenges for people to follow along. Join us on Instagram, TikTok, Threads, Bluesky and Substack.

The post Young people are outsmarting period tracking apps appeared first on The Mozilla Blog.

17 Sep 2025 6:29pm GMT

All web browsing starts with a DNS query to find the IP address for the desired service or website. For much of the internet's history, this query is sent in the clear. DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) plugs this privacy leak by encrypting the DNS messages, so no one on the network, not your internet service provider or a free public WiFi provider, can eavesdrop on your browsing.

In 2020, Firefox became the first browser to roll out DoH by default, starting in the United States and in 2023, we announced the Firefox DoH-by-default rollout in Canada, powered by our trusted partner, the Canadian Internet Registration Authority (CIRA).

This year, we've built on that foundation and delivered major performance improvements and mobile support, ensuring more Firefox users benefit from privacy without compromise.

Introducing DoH for Android

After bringing encrypted DNS protection to millions of desktop users, we're now extending the same to mobile. Firefox users who have been waiting for DoH on Android can now turn it on and browse with the same privacy protections as on their desktops.

Starting with this week's release of Firefox 143 for Android, users can choose to enable DoH in Firefox on their mobile devices by selecting "Increased Protection" DoH configuration. Performance testing with Firefox DoH partners is currently underway. If DoH is as fast as we expect, we plan to enable it by default for Android users in certain regions, similar to desktop users. Until then, these configuration options provide you the choice to opt in early.

DoH performance breakthroughs in 2025

DNS resolution speed is critical to the browsing experience - when web pages involve multiple DNS queries, the speed difference compounds and can cause page loads to be slow. Since we first rolled out DoH in Canada, we've worked closely with CIRA for reliability and performance measurements. Through our strong collaboration with them and their technology partner Akamai, Firefox DoH lookups are now 61% faster year-to-date for the 75th percentile.

With these performance improvements, DoH resolution time is now within a millisecond or two of native DNS resolution. This is a big win because Firefox users in Canada now get the privacy of encrypted DNS with no performance penalty.

Although the investigation and analysis started with the desire to improve DoH in Firefox, the benefits didn't end there. Our collaboration also improved CIRA DoH performance for many of its DNS users, including Canadian universities, as well as other DNS providers relying on CIRA's or Akamai's server implementations.

This is a win not just for Firefox users, but for the many other users around the globe.

Robust privacy on your terms

We have always approached DoH with an emphasis on transparency, user choice, and strong privacy safeguards. Firefox gives users meaningful control over how their DNS traffic is handled: Users can opt out, choose their own resolver, or adjust DoH protection levels, and Firefox makes it clear what DoH is doing and why it matters.

Firefox enforces strict requirements for DNS resolvers before trusting them with your browsing. Not every DNS provider can become a DoH provider in Firefox - only those that meet and attest to Mozilla's rigorous Trusted Recursive Resolver (TRR) policy through a legally binding contract.

Prioritizing your privacy and speed

Our work with DoH this year shows what's possible when privacy and performance go hand-in-hand. We've proven that encrypted DNS can be fast, reliable, and available on desktop and Android. Just as importantly, we've shown that partnerships grounded in open standards and accountability can deliver benefits not only to Firefox users but to the wider internet.

As we look forward, our commitment stays the same: Privacy should be the default, speed should never be a compromise, and the web should remain open and accessible to everyone. Choosing Firefox means choosing a browser that is built for you and for a better internet.

The post Firefox DNS privacy: Faster than ever, now on Android appeared first on The Mozilla Blog.

17 Sep 2025 1:00pm GMT