NiceGUI is a Python library that allows developers to create interactive web applications with minimal effort. It's intuitive and easy to use. It provides a high-level interface to build modern web-based graphical user interfaces (GUIs) without requiring deep knowledge of web technologies like HTML, CSS, or JavaScript.

In this article, you'll learn how to use NiceGUI to develop web apps with Python. You'll begin with an introduction to NiceGUI and its capabilities. Then, you'll learn how to create a simple NiceGUI app in Python and explore the basics of the framework's components. Finally, you'll use NiceGUI to handle events and customize your app's appearance.

To get the most out of this tutorial, you should have a basic knowledge of Python. Familiarity with general GUI programming concepts, such as event handling, widgets, and layouts, will also be beneficial.

Installing NiceGUI

Before using any third-party library like NiceGUI, you must install it in your working environment. Installing NiceGUI is as quick as running the python -m pip install nicegui command in your terminal or command line. This command will install the library from the Python Package Index (PyPI).

It's a good practice to use a Python virtual environment to manage dependencies for your project. To create and activate a virtual environment, open a command line or terminal window and run the following commands in your working directory:

PS> python -m venv .\venv
PS> .\venv\Scripts\activate

$ python -m venv venv/
$ source venv/bin/activate

$ python3 -m venv venv/
$ source venv/bin/activate

The first command will create a folder called venv/ containing a Python virtual environment. The Python version in this environment will match the version you have installed on your system.

Once your virtual environment is active, install NiceGUI by running:

(venv) $ python -m pip install nicegui

With this command, you've installed NiceGUI in your active Python virtual environment and are ready to start building applications.

Writing Your First NiceGUI App in Python

Let's create our first app with NiceGUI and Python. We'll display the traditional "Hello, World!" message in a web browser. To create a minimal NiceGUI app, follow these steps:

1. Import the nicegui module.
2. Create a GUI element.
3. Run the application using the run() method.

Create a Python file named app.py and add the following code:

from nicegui import ui

ui.label('Hello, World!').classes('text-h1')

ui.run()

This code defines a web application whose UI consists of a label showing the Hello, World! message. To create the label, we use the ui.label element. The call to ui.run() starts the app.

Run the application by executing the following command in your terminal:

(venv) $ python app.py

This will open your default browser, showing a page like the one below:

First NiceGUI Application

Congratulations! You've just written your first NiceGUI web app using Python. The next step is to explore some features of NiceGUI that will allow you to create fully functional web applications.

If the above command doesn't open the app in your browser, then go ahead and navigate to http://localhost:8080.

Exploring NiceGUI Graphical Elements

NiceGUI elements are the building blocks that we'll arrange to create pages. They represent UI components like buttons, labels, text inputs, and more. The elements are classified into the following categories:

• Text elements
• Controls
• Data elements
• Audiovisual elements

In the following sections, you'll code simple examples showcasing a sample of each category's graphical elements.

Text Elements

NiceGUI also has a rich set of text elements that allow you to display text in several ways. This set includes some of the following elements:

• Labels
• Links
• Chat messages
• Markdown containers
• reStructuredText containers
• HTML text

The following demo app shows how to create some of these text elements:

from nicegui import ui

# Text elements
ui.label("Label")

ui.link("PythonGUIs", "https://pythonguis.com")

ui.chat_message("Hello, World!", name="PythonGUIs Chatbot")

ui.markdown(
    """
    # Markdown Heading 1
    **bold text**
    *italic text*
    `code`
    """
)

ui.restructured_text(
    """
    ==========================
    reStructuredText Heading 1
    ==========================
    **bold text**
    *italic text*
    ``code``
    """
)

ui.html("<strong>bold text using HTML tags</strong>")

ui.run(title="NiceGUI Text Elements")

In this example, we create a simple web interface showcasing various text elements. The page shows several text elements, including a basic label, a hyperlink, a chatbot message, and formatted text using the Markdown and reStructuredText markup languages. Finally, it shows some raw HTML.

Each text element allows us to present textual content on the page in a specific way or format, which gives us a lot of flexibility for designing modern web UIs.

Run it! Your browser will open with a page that looks like the following.

Text Elements Demo App in NiceGUI

Control Elements

When it comes to control elements, NiceGUI offers a variety of them. As their name suggests, these elements allow us to control how our web UI behaves. Here are some of the most common control elements available in NiceGUI:

• Buttons
• Dropdown lists
• Toggle buttons
• Radio buttons
• Checkboxes
• Sliders
• Switches
• Text inputs
• Text areas
• Date input

The demo app below showcases some of these control elements:

from nicegui import ui

# Control elements
ui.button("Button")

with ui.dropdown_button("Edit", icon="edit", auto_close=True):
    ui.item("Copy")
    ui.item("Paste")
    ui.item("Cut")

ui.toggle(["ON", "OFF"], value="ON")

ui.radio(["NiceGUI", "PyQt6", "PySide6"], value="NiceGUI").props("inline")

ui.checkbox("Enable Feature")

ui.slider(min=0, max=100, value=50, step=5)

ui.switch("Dark Mode")

ui.input("Your Name")

ui.number("Age", min=0, max=120, value=25, step=1)

ui.date(value="2025-04-11")

ui.run(title="NiceGUI Control Elements")

In this app, we include several control elements: a button, a dropdown menu with editing options (Copy, Paste, Cut), and a toggle switch between ON and OFF states. We also have a radio button group to choose between GUI frameworks (NiceGUI, PyQt6, PySide6), a checkbox labeled Enable Feature, and a slider to select a numeric value within a range.

Further down, we have a switch to toggle Dark Mode, a text input field for entering a name, a number input for providing age, and a date picker. Each of these controls has its own properties and methods that you can tweak to customize your web interfaces using Python and NiceGUI.

Note that the elements on this app don't perform any action. Later in this tutorial, you'll learn about events and actions. For now, we're just showcasing some of the available graphical elements of NiceGUI.

Run it! You'll get a page that will look something like the following.

Text Elements Demo App in NiceGUI

Data Elements

If you're in the data science field, then you'll be thrilled with the variety of data elements that NiceGUI offers. You'll find elements for some of the following tasks:

• Representing data in a tabular format
• Creating plots and charts
• Building different types of progress charts
• Displaying 3D objects
• Using maps
• Creating tree and log views
• Presenting and editing text in different formats, including plain text, code, and JSON

Here's a quick NiceGUI app where we use a table and a plot to present temperature measurements against time:

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from nicegui import ui

# Data elements
time = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
temperature = [30, 32, 34, 32, 33, 31]

columns = [
    {
        "name": "time",
        "label": "Time (min)",
        "field": "time",
        "sortable": True,
        "align": "right",
    },
    {
        "name": "temperature",
        "label": "Temperature (ºC)",
        "field": "temperature",
        "required": True,
        "align": "right",
    },
]
rows = [
    {"temperature": temperature, "time": time}
    for temperature, time in zip(temperature, time)
]
ui.table(columns=columns, rows=rows, row_key="name")

with ui.pyplot(figsize=(5, 4)):
    plt.plot(time, temperature, "-o", color="blue", label="Temperature")
    plt.title("Temperature vs Time")
    plt.xlabel("Time (min)")
    plt.ylabel("Temperature (ºC)")
    plt.ylim(25, 40)
    plt.legend()

ui.run(title="NiceGUI Data Elements")

In this example, we create a web interface that displays a table and a line plot. The data is stored in two lists: one for time (in minutes) and one for temperature (in degrees Celsius). These values are formatted into a table with columns for time and temperature. To render the table, we use the ui.table element.

Below the table, we create a Matplotlib plot of temperature versus time and embed it in the ui.pyplot element. The plot has a title, axis labels, and a legend.

Run it! You'll get a page that looks something like the following.

Data Elements Demo App in NiceGUI

Audiovisual Elements

NiceGUI also has some elements that allow us to display audiovisual content in our web UIs. The audiovisual content may include some of the following:

• Images
• Audio files
• Videos
• Icons
• Avatars
• Scalable vector graphics (SVG)

Below is a small demo app that shows how to add a local image to your NiceGUI-based web application:

from nicegui import ui

with ui.image("./otje.jpg"):
    ui.label("Otje the cat!").classes(
        "absolute-bottom text-subtitle2 text-center"
    )

ui.run(title="NiceGUI Audiovisual Elements")

In this example, we use the ui.image element to display a local image on your NiceGUI app. The image will show a subtitle at the bottom.

NiceGUI elements provide the classes() method, which allows you to apply Tailwind CSS classes to the target element. To learn more about using CSS for styling your NiceGUI apps, check the Styling & Appearance section in the official documentation.

Run it! You'll get a page that looks something like the following.

Audiovisual Elements Demo App in NiceGUI

Laying Out Pages in NiceGUI

Laying out a GUI so that every graphical component is in the right place is a fundamental step in any GUI project. NiceGUI offers several elements that allow us to arrange graphical elements to build a nice-looking UI for our web apps.

Here are some of the most common layout elements:

• Cards wrap another element in a frame.
• Column arranges elements vertically.
• Row arranges elements horizontally.
• Grid organizes elements in a grid of rows and columns.
• List displays a list of elements.
• Tabs organize elements in dedicated tabs.

You'll find several other elements that allow you to tweak how your app's UI looks. Below is a demo app that combines a few of these elements to create a minimal but well-organized user profile form:

from nicegui import ui

with ui.card().classes("w-full max-w-3xl mx-auto shadow-lg"):
    ui.label("Profile Page").classes("text-xl font-bold")

    with ui.row().classes("w-full"):
        with ui.card():
            ui.image("./profile.png")

            with ui.card_section():
                ui.label("Profile Image").classes("text-center font-bold")
                ui.button("Change Image", icon="photo_camera")

        with ui.card().classes("flex-grow"):
            with ui.column().classes("w-full"):
                name_input = ui.input(
                    placeholder="Your Name",
                ).classes("w-full")
                gender_select = ui.select(
                    ["Male", "Female", "Other"],
                ).classes("w-full")
                eye_color_input = ui.input(
                    placeholder="Eye Color",
                ).classes("w-full")
                height_input = ui.number(
                    min=0,
                    max=250,
                    value=170,
                    step=1,
                ).classes("w-full")
                weight_input = ui.number(
                    min=0,
                    max=500,
                    value=60,
                    step=0.1,
                ).classes("w-full")

            with ui.row().classes("justify-end gap-2 q-mt-lg"):
                ui.button("Reset", icon="refresh").props("outline")
                ui.button("Save", icon="save").props("color=primary")

ui.run(title="NiceGUI Layout Elements")

In this app, we create a clean, responsive profile information page using a layout based on the ui.card element. We center the profile form and cap it at a maximum width for better readability on larger screens.

We organize the elements into two main sections:

1. A profile image card on the left and a form area on the right. The left section displays a profile picture using the ui.image element with a Change Image button underneath.

2. A series of input fields for personal information, including the name in a ui.input element, the gender in a ui.select element, the eye color in a ui.input element, and the height and weight in ui.number elements. At the bottom of the form, we add two buttons: Reset and Save.

We use consistent CSS styling throughout the layout to guarantee proper spacing, shadows, and responsive controls. This ensures that the interface looks professional and works well across different screen sizes.

Run it! Here's how the form looks on the browser.

A Demo Profile Page Layout in NiceGUI

Handling Events and Actions in NiceGUI

In NiceGUI, you can handle events like mouse clicks, keystrokes, and similar ones as you can in other GUI frameworks. Elements typically have arguments like on_click and on_change that are the most direct and convenient way to bind events to actions.

Here's a quick app that shows how to make a NiceGUI app perform actions in response to events:

from nicegui import ui

def on_button_click():
    ui.notify("Button was clicked!")

def on_checkbox_change(event):
    state = "checked" if event.value else "unchecked"
    ui.notify(f"Checkbox is {state}")

def on_slider_change(event):
    ui.notify(f"Slider value: {event.value}")

def on_input_change(event):
    ui.notify(f"Input changed to: {event.value}")

ui.label("Event Handling Demo")

ui.button("Click Me", on_click=on_button_click)
ui.checkbox("Check Me", on_change=on_checkbox_change)
ui.slider(min=0, max=10, value=5, on_change=on_slider_change)
ui.input("Type something", on_change=on_input_change)

ui.run(title="NiceGUI Events & Actions Demo")

In this app, we first define four functions we'll use as actions. When we create the control elements, we use the appropriate argument to bind an event to a function. For example, in the ui.button element, we use the on_click argument, which makes the button call the associated function when we click it.

We do something similar with the other elements, but use different arguments depending on the element's supported events.

You can check the documentation of elements to learn about the specific events they can handle.

Using the on_* type of arguments is not the only way to bind events to actions. You can also use the on() method, which allows you to attach event handlers manually. This approach is handy for less common events or when you want to attach multiple handlers.

Here's a quick example:

from nicegui import ui

def on_click(event):
    ui.notify(f"Button was clicked!")

def on_hover(event):
    ui.notify(f"Button was hovered!")

button = ui.button("Button")
button.on("click", on_click)
button.on("mouseover", on_hover)

ui.run()

In this example, we create a small web app with a single button that responds to two different events. When you click the button, the on_click() function triggers a notification. Similarly, when you hover the mouse over the button, the on_hover() function displays a notification.

To bind the events to the corresponding function, we use the on() method. The first argument is a string representing the name of the target event. The second argument is the function that we want to run when the event occurs.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, you've learned the basics of creating web applications with NiceGUI, a powerful Python library for web GUI development.

You've explored common elements, layouts, and event handling. This gives you the foundation to build modern and interactive web interfaces. For further exploration and advanced features, refer to the official NiceGUI documentation.

27 Nov 2025 6:00am GMT

>>> binary_data = bytes([100, 195, 169, 106, 195, 160, 32, 118, 117])
>>> binary_data.decode(encoding="utf-8")
'déjà vu'

raw_bytes = b"These are some interesting bytes"

>>> raw_bytes = b"These are some interesting bytes"
>>> raw_bytes.replace("y", "o")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

Read the full article at https://realpython.com/convert-python-bytes-to-strings/ »

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26 Nov 2025 2:00pm GMT

#710 - NOVEMBER 25, 2025
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Happy Pythoning!
This was PyCoder's Weekly Issue #710.
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25 Nov 2025 7:30pm GMT

Learn how to set up and start using Claude Code to boost your Python workflow. Learn how it differs from Claude Chat and how to use it effectively in your development setup.

You'll learn how to:

• Install and configure Claude Code
• Run it safely inside project directories
• Work with CLAUDE.md for task context
• Use Git integration for smoother coding workflows
• Apply Claude Code to automate real programming tasks

[ Improve Your Python With 🐍 Python Tricks 💌 - Get a short & sweet Python Trick delivered to your inbox every couple of days. >> Click here to learn more and see examples ]

25 Nov 2025 2:00pm GMT

The PSF's Code of Conduct Working Group is a group of volunteers whose purpose is to foster a diverse and inclusive Python community by enforcing the PSF Code of Conduct, along with providing guidance and recommendations to the Python community on codes of conduct, that supports the PSF mission support and facilitate the growth of a diverse and international community of Python programmers.

The working group has recently committed to publishing annual transparency reports and we are pleased to share the first report with you today, for the 2024 calendar year. The initial transparency report took some time to produce, but we've improved our recording keeping practices to make future reports easier to prepare.

The Working Group spent time formalizing our record keeping this year, and going forward we plan to publish our transparency reports in the first quarter of each year. Each year's report will be added to the same place in the PSF's Code of Conduct documentation so that community members can easily access them. If you have thoughts or feedback on how to make these reports more useful, we welcome you to send us an email at conduct-wg@python.org.

25 Nov 2025 1:51pm GMT

Just like Excel seeing everything as a date, WebKit mobile browsers automatically interpret many numbers as telephone numbers. When detected, mobile browsers replace the text in the HTML with a clickable <a href="tel:..."> value that when selected will call the number denoted. This can be helpful sometimes, but frustrating other times as random numbers in your HTML suddenly become useless hyperlinks.

Below I've included numbers that may be turned into phone numbers so you can see for yourself why this may be a problem and how many cases there are. Numbers that are detected as a phone number by your browser are highlighted blue by this CSS selector:

a[href^=tel] {
  background-color: #00ccff;
}

None of the values below are denoted as telephone number links in the source HTML, they are all automatically created by the browser. If you're not using WebKit, enable this check-box to show WebKit's behavior: WebKit Mode

• 2
• 22
• 222
• 2222
• 22222
• 222222
• 2222222
• 22222222
• 222222222
• 2222222222
• 22222222222
• 111111111111
• 222222222222
• 555555555555
• 1111111111111
• 2222222222222 (???)
• 5555555555555
• 11111111111111
• 22222222222222
• 55555555555555
• 111111111111111
• 222222222222222
• 555555555555555
• 2-2
• 2-2-2
• 22-2-2
• 22-22-2
• 22-22-22
• 22-22-222
• 22-222-222
• 222-222-222
• 222-222-2222
• 222-2222-2222
• 2222-2222-2222
• 2222-2222-22222
• 2222-22222-22222
• 22222-22222-22222
• 2 222-222-2222
• +1 222-222-2222
• +2 222-222-2222 (There is no +2 country code...)
• +28 222-222-2222 (Unassigned codes aren't used)
• +1222-222-2222
• +2222-222-2222
• (+1)222-222-2222
• (+2)222-222-2222
• (1)222-222-2222
• (2)222-222-2222
• (1222-222-2222
• (1 222-222-2222
• 1)222-222-2222
• 222-222-2222 (en-dashes)
• 222-222-2222 (em-dashes)
• [1]222-222-2222
• <1>222-222-2222

Are there any other combinations that get detected as telephone numbers that I missed? Send me a pull request or email.

How to prevent automatic telephone number detection?

So how can you prevent browsers from parsing telephone numbers automatically? Add this HTML to your <head> section:

<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">

This will disable automatic telephone detection, and then you can be explicit about clickable telephone numbers by using the tel: URL scheme like so:

<a href="tel:+222-222-222-2222">(+222)222-222-2222</a>

Thanks for keeping RSS alive! ♥

25 Nov 2025 12:00am GMT

25 Nov 2025 12:00am GMT

Save up to 50% on courses and the pytest book.

The Complete pytest Course bundle

Use BLACKFRIDAY to save 20% off through November.

This code is intended to match lots of 10-20% off deals around

Use SAVE50 to save 50% off through November

This code is intended to match the PragProg deal below

Why leave both in place?

No reason, really. I just thought it'd be fun to have a "choose your own discount" thing.

25 Nov 2025 12:00am GMT

In this article you will learn about itertools.pairwise, how to use it, and how to generalise it.

In this tutorial you will learn to use and generalise itertools.pairwise. You will understand what itertools.pairwise does, how to use it, and how to implement a generalised version for when itertools.pairwise isn't enough.

itertools.pairwise

itertools.pairwise is an iterable from the standard module itertools that lets you access overlapping pairs of consecutive elements of the input iterable. That's quite a mouthful, so let me translate:

You give pairwise an iterable, like "ABCD", and pairwise gives you pairs back, like ("A", "B"), ("B", "C"), and ("C", "D").

In loops, it is common to unpack the pairs directly to perform some operation on both values. The example below uses pairwise to determine how the balance of a bank account changed based on the balance history:

from itertools import pairwise  # Python 3.10+

balance_history = [700, 1000, 800, 750]

for before, after in pairwise(balance_history):
    change = after - before
    print(f"Balance changed by {change:+}.")

Balance changed by +300.
Balance changed by -200.
Balance changed by -50.

How to implement pairwise

If you had to implement pairwise, you might think of something like the code below:

def my_pairwise(iterable):
    for prev_, next_ in zip(iterable, iterable[1:]):
        yield (prev_, next_)

Which directly translates to

def my_pairwise(iterable):
    yield from zip(iterable, iterable[1:])

But there is a problem with this implementation, and that is the slicing operation. pairwise is supposed to work with any iterable and not all iterables are sliceable. For example, files are iterables but are not sliceable.

There are a couple of different ways to fix this but my favourite uses collections.deque with its parameter maxlen:

from collections import deque
from itertools import islice

def my_pairwise(data):
    data = iter(data)
    window = deque(islice(data, 1), maxlen=2)
    for value in data:
        window.append(value)
        yield tuple(window)

Generalising itertools.pairwise

pairwise will always produce pairs of consecutive elements, but sometimes you might want tuples of different sizes. For example, you might want something like "triplewise", to get triples of consecutive elements, but pairwise can't be used for that. So, how do you implement that generalisation?

In the upcoming subsections I will present different ways of implementing the function nwise(iterable, n) that accepts an iterable and a positive integer n and produces overlapping tuples of n elements taken from the given iterable.

Some example applications:

nwise("ABCD", 2) -> ("A", "B"), ("B", "C"), ("C", "D")
nwise("ABCD", 3) -> ("A", "B", "C"), ("B", "C", "D")
nwise("ABCD", 4) -> ("A", "B", "C", "D")

Using deque

The implementation of pairwise that I showed above can be adapted for nwise:

from collections import deque
from itertools import islice

def nwise(iterable, n):
    iterable = iter(iterable)
    window = deque(islice(iterable, n - 1), maxlen=n)
    for value in iterable:
        window.append(value)
        yield tuple(window)

Note that you have to change maxlen=2 to maxlen=n, but also islice(iterable, 1) to islice(iterable, n - 1).

Using tee

Another fundamentally different way of implement nwise is by using itertools.tee to split the input...

24 Nov 2025 6:36pm GMT

A warm welcome to Martin Borus as the second elected EuroPython Society Fellow in 2025.

EuroPython Society Fellows

EuroPython Society Fellows have contributed significantly towards our mission, the EuroPython conference and the Society as an organisation. They are eligible for a lifetime free attendance of the EuroPython conference and will be listed on our EuroPython Society Fellow Grant page in recognition of their work.‌

Martin has been part of the Europython Conferences volunteers since 2017.
Some have "met" him the first time in a response on an issue sent to the helpdesk or during the organisation meetings of the Ops team.
Others interacted with him as a volunteer at reception, out in the halls, a tutor in a Humble Data tutorial, a session chair, or a room manager in a tutorial or talk.
While pretending to be just an "On-site volunteer" or a member of the "Operations team" - over time, he has taken over not only the organisation of the registration desk, but also developed and orchestrated the training of session chairs.
He also expanded the programme with the informal session for first time conference attendees, which have been well received by all attendees.

The EuroPython Society Board would like to congratulate and thank all Fellows for their tireless work towards our mission! If you want to send in your nomination, check out our Fellowship page and get in touch!

Many thanks,
EuroPython Society
https://www.europython-society.org/

24 Nov 2025 5:58pm GMT

It's time for some discounted Python-related skill-building. This is my eighth annual compilation of Python learning-related Black Friday & Cyber Monday deals. If you find a Python-related deal in the next week that isn't on this list, please contact me.

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• Wizard Zines: 50% all of Julia Evan's great zines on various tech topics that I personally find both fun and useful (not Python-related, but one of my favorite annual sales)… this is a one-day Black Friday exclusive sale

I will be keeping an idea on other potential sales and updating this post as I find them. If you've seen a sale that I haven't, please contact me or comment below.

Django-related sales

Adam Johnson has also published a list of Django-related deals for Black Friday (which he's been doing for a few years now).

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24 Nov 2025 4:00pm GMT

The story that the Python micro web framework Flask started as an April Fool's joke is well known in Python circles, but it was nice to see it told by Armin Ronacher himself¹.

I'm fond of Flask. It was a breath of fresh air when it came out, and most of my Python open-source work is based on it.

24 Nov 2025 2:29pm GMT

number = 7
if number > 0:
    print("It's a positive number")

 1lucky_number = 7
 2for number in range(10):
 3    if number == lucky_number:
 4        print("Found the lucky number!")
 5    else:
 6        print(f"{number} is not my lucky number.")
 7
 8print("Done.")

Read the full article at https://realpython.com/how-to-indent-in-python/ »

[ Improve Your Python With 🐍 Python Tricks 💌 - Get a short & sweet Python Trick delivered to your inbox every couple of days. >> Click here to learn more and see examples ]

24 Nov 2025 2:00pm GMT

So far this year's PSF fundraising campaign has been a truly inspiring demonstration of the Python community's generosity, strength, and solidarity. We set a special 🥧 themed goal of $314,159.26 (it's the year of Python 3.14!), and with your support, we are already at 93% of that goal-WOW!! Thank you to every single person who has already donated: you have our deep gratitude, and we are committed to making every dollar count.

🚨 New target alert: If we hit our goal of $100Kπ- we are going to release a nice video AND we are going to set a new goal, as well as an additional super stretch goal. Can you chip in to get us there? We're confident that with your contributions and support we can reach those new heights. Because Python is for everyone, thanks to you!

Today, we're excited to share another way for you to participate AND get awesome benefits from JetBrains! We have the opportunity to once again partner with JetBrains to deliver a special promotion: 30% off PyCharm Pro with ALL proceeds going to the PSF. New this year: Folks who take advantage of this offer will also receive a free tier of AI Assistant in PyCharm! Read on to learn more about the PyCharm promotion, how to grab it while it lasts, and other ways you can contribute to the PSF's 2025 end-of-year fundraiser. Huge thanks to JetBrains for stepping up to provide this awesome deal 🐍⚡️

LIMITED TIME! Grab PyCharm Pro at 30% off with a free tier of AI Assistant:

• Grab a discounted Python IDE: PyCharm! JetBrains is once again supporting the PSF by providing a 30% discount on PyCharm Pro and ALL proceeds will go to the PSF! Your subscription will include a free tier of AI Assistant in PyCharm. You can take advantage of this discount by clicking the button on the JetBrains promotion page, and the discount will be automatically applied when you check out. The promotion will only be available through December 12th, so go grab the deal today!

>>> Get PyCharm Pro! <<<

There are two ways to join our fundraiser through donate.python.org:

• Donate directly to the PSF! Your donation is a direct way to support and power the future of the Python programming language and community you love. Every donation makes a difference, and we work hard to make a little go a long way.
• Become a PSF Supporting Member! When you sign up as a Supporting Member of the PSF, you become a part of the PSF, are eligible to vote in PSF elections, and help us sustain our mission with your annual support. You can sign up as a Supporting Member at the usual annual rate ($99 USD), or you can take advantage of our sliding scale option (starting at $25 USD)!

>>> Donate or Become a Member Today! <<<

If you already donated, you're already a PSF member, AND you already grabbed PyCharm at 30% off (look at you, you exemplary supporter!🏆) you can:

• Share the fundraiser with your regional and project-based communities: Share this blog post in your Python-related Discords, Slacks, social media accounts- wherever your Python community is! Keep an eye on our social media accounts and repost to share the latest stories and news for the campaign.
• Share your Python story with a call to action: We invite you to share your personal Python, PyCon, or PSF story. What impact has it made in your life, in your community, in your career? Share your story in a blog post or on your social media platform of choice and add a link to donate.python.org.
• Ask your employer to sponsor: If your company is using Python to build its products and services, check to see if they already sponsor the PSF on our Sponsors page. If not, reach out to your organization's internal decision-makers and impress on them just how important it is for us to power the future of Python together, and send them our sponsor prospectus.

Your donations and support:

• Keep Python thriving
• Support CPython and PyPI progress
• Increase security across the Python ecosystem
• Bring the global Python community together
• Make our community more diverse and robust every year

24 Nov 2025 10:44am GMT

<strong>Topics covered in this episode:</strong><br> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://discuss.python.org/t/pep-814-add-frozendict-built-in-type/104854?featured_on=pythonbytes">PEP 814 - Add frozendict built-in type</a></strong></li> <li><strong>From <a href="https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/?featured_on=pythonbytes">Material for MkDocs</a> to <a href="https://zensical.org?featured_on=pythonbytes">Zensical</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://github.com/tach-org/tach?featured_on=pythonbytes">Tach</a></strong></li> <li><strong>Some Python Speedups in 3.15 and 3.16</strong></li> <li><strong>Extras</strong></li> <li><strong>Joke</strong></li> </ul><p><strong>About the show</strong></p> <p>Sponsored by us! Support our work through:</p> <ul> <li>Our <a href="https://training.talkpython.fm/?featured_on=pythonbytes"><strong>courses at Talk Python Training</strong></a></li> <li><a href="https://courses.pythontest.com/p/the-complete-pytest-course?featured_on=pythonbytes"><strong>The Complete pytest Course</strong></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.patreon.com/pythonbytes"><strong>Patreon Supporters</strong></a></li> </ul> <p><strong>Connect with the hosts</strong></p> <ul> <li>Michael: <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@mkennedy">@mkennedy@fosstodon.org</a> / <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/mkennedy.codes?featured_on=pythonbytes">@mkennedy.codes</a> (bsky)</li> <li>Brian: <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@brianokken">@brianokken@fosstodon.org</a> / <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/brianokken.bsky.social?featured_on=pythonbytes">@brianokken.bsky.social</a></li> <li>Show: <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@pythonbytes">@pythonbytes@fosstodon.org</a> / <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/pythonbytes.fm">@pythonbytes.fm</a> (bsky)</li> </ul> <p>Join us on YouTube at <a href="https://pythonbytes.fm/stream/live"><strong>pythonbytes.fm/live</strong></a> to be part of the audience. Usually <strong>Monday</strong> at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too.</p> <p>Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to <a href="https://pythonbytes.fm/friends-of-the-show">our friends of the show list</a>, we'll never share it.</p> <p><strong>Michael #0</strong>: <a href="https://talkpython.fm/black-friday?featured_on=pythonbytes">Black Friday is on at Talk Python</a></p> <ul> <li>What's on offer: <ol> <li>An <a href="https://training.talkpython.fm/courses/bundle/black-friday-ai-2025?featured_on=pythonbytes">AI course mini bundle</a> (22% off)</li> <li>20% off our entire library via the <a href="https://training.talkpython.fm/courses/bundle/everything?featured_on=pythonbytes">Everything Bundle</a> (<a href="https://training.talkpython.fm/bundles-arent-subscriptions?featured_on=pythonbytes">what's that? ;)</a> )</li> <li>The new <a href="https://mikeckennedy.gumroad.com/l/talk-python-in-production-book/black-friday-2025?featured_on=pythonbytes">Talk Python in Production book</a> (25% off)</li> </ol></li> </ul> <p>Brian: This is peer pressure in action</p> <ul> <li>20% off <a href="https://courses.pythontest.com/the-complete-pytest-course-bundle?featured_on=pythonbytes">The Complete pytest Course bundle</a> (use code BLACKFRIDAY) through November <ul> <li>or use save50 for 50% off, your choice.</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://pragprog.com/titles/bopytest2/python-testing-with-pytest-second-edition/?featured_on=pythonbytes">Python Testing with pytest, 2nd edition</a>, eBook (50% off with code save50) also through November <ul> <li>I would have picked 20%, but it's a PragProg wide thing</li> </ul></li> </ul> <p><strong>Michael #1: <a href="https://discuss.python.org/t/pep-814-add-frozendict-built-in-type/104854?featured_on=pythonbytes">PEP 814 - Add frozendict built-in type</a></strong></p> <ul> <li>by Victor Stinner &amp; Donghee Na</li> <li>A new public immutable type <code>frozendict</code> is added to the <code>builtins</code> module.</li> <li>We expect <code>frozendict</code> to be safe by design, as it prevents any unintended modifications. This addition benefits not only CPython's standard library, but also third-party maintainers who can take advantage of a reliable, immutable dictionary type.</li> <li>To add to <a href="https://blobs.pythonbytes.fm/existing-frozen-typesstructures-in-python.html?cache_id=5788ae">existing frozen types in Python</a>.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Brian #2: From <a href="https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/?featured_on=pythonbytes">Material for MkDocs</a> to <a href="https://zensical.org?featured_on=pythonbytes">Zensical</a></strong></p> <ul> <li>Suggested by John Hagen</li> <li>A lot of people, me included, use Material for MkDocs as our MkDocs theme for both personal and professional projects, and in-house docs.</li> <li>This plugin for MkDocs is <a href="https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/issues/8523?featured_on=pythonbytes">now in maintenance mode</a></li> <li>The development team is switching to working on Zensical, a static site generator to overcome some technical limitations with MkDocs. There's a series of posts about the transition and reasoning <ol> <li><a href="https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/blog/2024/08/19/how-were-transforming-material-for-mkdocs/?featured_on=pythonbytes">Transforming Material for MkDocs</a></li> <li><a href="https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/blog/2025/11/05/zensical/?featured_on=pythonbytes">Zensical - A modern static site generator built by the creators of Material for MkDocs</a></li> <li><a href="https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/blog/2025/11/11/insiders-now-free-for-everyone/?featured_on=pythonbytes">Material for MkDocs Insiders - Now free for everyone</a></li> <li><a href="https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/blog/2025/11/18/goodbye-github-discussions/?featured_on=pythonbytes">Goodbye, GitHub Discussions</a></li> </ol></li> <li>Material for MkDocs <ul> <li>still around, but in maintenance mode</li> <li>all insider features now available to everyone</li> </ul></li> <li>Zensical is / will be <ul> <li>compatible with Material for Mkdocs, can natively read mkdocs.yml, to assist with the transition</li> <li>Open Source, MIT license</li> <li>funded by an offering for professional users: Zensical Spark</li> </ul></li> </ul> <p><strong>Michael #3: <a href="https://github.com/tach-org/tach?featured_on=pythonbytes">Tach</a></strong></p> <ul> <li>Keep the streak: pip deps with uv + tach</li> <li>From Gerben Decker</li> <li>We needed some more control over linting our dependency structure, both internal and external.</li> <li>We use <code>tach</code> (which you covered before IIRC), but also some home built linting rules for our specific structure. These are extremely easy to build using an underused feature of <code>ruff</code>: "uv run ruff analyze graph --python python_exe_path .".</li> <li><a href="https://app.gauge.sh/show?uid=fee5a5ca-7f89-4f0a-bcf7-bca1f7c6cc8a&featured_on=pythonbytes">Example from an app</a> I'm working on (shhhhh not yet announced!)</li> </ul> <p><strong>Brian #4: Some Python Speedups in 3.15 and 3.16</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fidget-spinner.github.io/posts/faster-jit-plan.html?featured_on=pythonbytes"><strong>A Plan for 5-10%* Faster Free-Threaded JIT by Python 3.16</strong></a> <ul> <li>5% faster by 3.15 and 10% faster by 3.16</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://emmatyping.dev/decompression-is-up-to-30-faster-in-cpython-315.html?featured_on=pythonbytes">Decompression is up to 30% faster in CPython 3.15</a></li> </ul> <p><strong>Extras</strong></p> <p>Brian:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/okken/lean-tdd-book?featured_on=pythonbytes">LeanTDD book issue tracker</a></li> </ul> <p>Michael:</p> <ul> <li>No. 4 for dependencies: <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/bbelderbos_i-needed-to-see-which-packages-were-pulling-share-7398344644629016576-C-Q8?featured_on=pythonbytes">Inverted dep trees</a> from Bob Belderbos</li> </ul> <p><strong>Joke: <a href="https://x.com/creativedrewy/status/1990891118569869327?featured_on=pythonbytes">git pull inception</a></strong></p>

24 Nov 2025 8:00am GMT

Automation in Python

2025-11-24, by Dariusz Suchojad

How to automate systems in Python and how the Zato Python integration platform differs from a network automation tool, how to start using it, along with a couple of examples of integrations with Office 365 and Jira, is what the latest article is about.

➤ Read it here: Systems Automation in Python.

More resources

➤ Python API integration tutorials
➤ What is an integration platform?
➤ Python Integration platform as a Service (iPaaS)
➤ What is an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)? What is SOA?
➤ Open-source iPaaS in Python

24 Nov 2025 3:00am GMT